Fort Sumter
major port city of the south; a strategic location in the harbor of Charleston, SC
- on April 12, the first shot of the Civil War was fired here by Confederate forces
What was the significance of the fall of Fort Sumter?
four more southern states seceded from the Union
What advantages did the north have?
- better military advisers
- had more money and supplies
- controlled railroad lines
What advantages did the south have?
- more land
- defensive tactics
What was the capital of the Confederacy?
Richmond, Virginia
Lincoln’s 3-part strategy
1) capture Richmond
2) gain control of the MS River
3) set up naval blockades in the south
What mistake did the south make in assessing its war resources?
assumed they’d receive foreign aid from Britain and France
What were the colors of the Union and Confederate uniforms?
- Union = blue
- Confederacy = gray
What hardships did soldiers experience?
- homesickness
- lack of food and clothing
- disease, infection, and malnutrition
What jobs were created for women in the Union?
- 450 jobs for female clerks in the Treasury
- 100,000 jobs for women in arsenals, factories, and sewing rooms
What was life like on the northern homefront?
women worked in factories
What was life like on the southern homefront?
women ran farms and other odd jobs
Elizabeth Blackwell
first professionally licensed female doctor in the U.S.
Clara Barton
established the Red Cross
How did women contribute to the war effort?
- worked in factories that supplied clothing and food
- helped the wounded and sick
- some were spies
When was the first conscription (draft) passed?
1862
habeas corpus
protection against unlawful imprisonment
Ulysses S. Grant
- led Union forces in the west
- 18th president
Battle of Shiloh casualties
- Union = 13,000
- Confederacy = 10,000
The bloodiest single-day battle in U.S. military history was the ______________.
Battle of Antietam
Why did Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation when he did?
Battle of Antietam gave him the political support he needed
Martin Delany
became the first African-American major in 1865
How did African-Americans support the Union cause?
about 180,000 served in the Union army
What role did the Emancipation Proclamation play in the war?
- allowed African-Americans to serve for the union
- shifted goals in the war to abolishing slavery
