Chapter 2

Question 1

A microscope having one lens or lens system, such as a magnifying glass hand lens

Answer 1

Simple microscope

Question 2

a microscope that uses two sets of lenses an objective lens and an eyepiece to magnify

Answer 2

Compound light microscope

Question 3

type of microscope that uses electrons to create to create an image of the target. It has much higher magnification or resolving power than a normal light microscope

Answer 3

Electron microscope

Question 4

A binocular microscope that gives a relatively low-power stereoscopic view of the subject

Answer 4

stereo microscope

Question 5

smallest unit of an organism that can carry on life functions

Answer 5

cells

Question 6

group of similar cells that work together to do one job

Answer 6

tissue

Question 7

structure such as the heart, made up of different types of tissues that all work together

Answer 7

organs

Question 8

made up of a group of organs working together

Answer 8

organ system

Question 9

any living thing

Answer 9

organism

Question 10

protective outer covering of all cells that regulates the interaction between the cell and the environment

Answer 10

cell membrane

Question 11

cytoplasmic organelle that moves materials around a cell

Answer 11

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

states that all organism is made up of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from other cells

Answer 12

cell theory

Question 13

organelle that controls all the activities of a cell and contains hereditary material made of proteins and DNA

Answer 13

Nucleus

Question 14

constantly moving gel-like mixture inside the cell membrane that contains hereditary material and is the location of most of a cell’s life processes

Answer 14

cytoplasm

Question 15

are involved with various cell processes. They break down excess or worn-out cell part.They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria

Answer 15

Lysosomes

Question 16

a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells

Answer 16

ribosome

Question 17

a space or vesicles within the cytoplasm of a cell enclosed by a membrane and typically containing water, waste products, food and other cellular materials

Answer 17

vacuoles

Question 18

organelles that package cellular materials and transport them within the cell or out of the cell

Answer 18

Golgi bodies

Question 19

cell organelle that breaks down food and releases energy

Answer 19

mitochondria

Question 20

experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease

Answer 20

gene therapy

Question 21

Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material of all organisms; made up of two twisted strands of sugar phosphate molecules and nitrogen bases

Answer 21

DNA

Question 22

living cell in which a virus can actively multiply or in which a virus can hide until activated by environmental stimuli

Answer 22

host cell

Question 23

an infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is too small to be seen by light microscopy, and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host

Answer 23

virus

Question 24

after entering a cell, this immediately goes into action. The virus’s genetic material takes over the cell functions, and the cell quickly begins to reproduce. When it is full of new viruses, the host cell bursts open, releasing hundreds of new viruses as it dies

Answer 24

active virus

Question 25

is the ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant or latent within a cell

Answer 25

latent virus

Question 26

preparation made from killed bacteria or damaged particles from bacterial cell walls or viruses that can prevent some bacterial and viral diseases

Answer 26

vaccine

Question 27

green, light-trapping pigment in plant chloroplasts that is important in photosynthesis

Answer 27

chlorophyll

Question 28

in plant cells, food is made in green organelles in the cytoplasm

Answer 28

chloroplast

Question 29

in a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria

Answer 29

cell wall

Question 30

a scientist in the 1830s that concluded that all plants are made of cells

Answer 30

Schleiden

Question 31

a scientist who concluded that all animals are made up of cells

Answer 31

Schwann

Question 32

a scientist whose observations and conclusions and those of others are summarized in the cell theory. He proposed that every cell came from a cell that already existed

Answer 32

Virchow