chapter 2 Flashcards by moa diary

serves as the primary infrastructure arm of
the Philippines

Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)

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The DPWH is mandated to undertake:

Infrastructure Planning
Design, Construction, and Maintenance
Support for National Development

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The country’s infrastructure development traces back to ____________, the first Minister of Public Works and Communications in 1899.

Maximo Paterno

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These are often seen as a cultural symbol; remains as the most iconic mode of transport.

Jeepneys

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According to the DOTr Assistant Secretary for Aviation and Airports, Jaime Alberto Melo, they’ve completed ______ airport projects from 2016 to 2022. If we include attached agencies, MIAA, MCIAA, and Clark, the completed projects are ______ projects, while ______ more are ongoing.

140
246
70

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The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) is now implementing ____ of the 185 Infrastructure Flagship Projects (IFPs) of the administration of President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr.,

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The ___________ Project is a 36 km underground railway, making it the Philippines’ first ever mass underground transport system.

Metro Manila Subway

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The Metro Manila Subway will connect ________________ to ______________, passing through key areas of the National
Capital Region.

North Caloocan in Bulacan to Dasmariñas in Cavite

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The Metro Manila Subway is designed to accommodate _________ passengers daily, it is projected to initially serve ___________
passengers per day in its first year of operation.

1.5 million
370,000

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The Metro Manila Subway project is spearheaded by the ____________ and was approved by the ___________ as
part of the country’s major infrastructure initiatives

Department of Transportation (DOTr)
NEDA Investment Coordination Committee (NEDA-ICC)

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According to the DOTr Secretary, Vince Dizon, partial operations of the Metro Manila Subway is expected by ________.

2032

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The ____________________, also known as the Clark–Calamba Railway, is a transformative urban rail transit system currently under construction in Luzon, Philippines.

North–South Commuter Railway (NSCR)

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NSCR span

147 kilometers (91 miles)

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NSCR features _____ stations and _____ services

36
four

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Classification of Roads According to Usage

National Road
Provincial Road
City Road
Municipal Road
Barangay Road
Expressways

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A type of public road that forms part of the national highway system under the jurisdiction of the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH). These roads are essential because they connect major cities, provinces, and regions, serving as the backbone of the country’s transportation network.

National Road

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These are the main highways that connect major cities and regional centers across the country. It serves as the backbone of the national road network, carrying the heaviest traffic and linking highly urbanized areas.

Primary National Road

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Examples of Primary National Road

EDSA (Metro Manila)
MacArthur Highway (Manila to Northern Luzon)
Pan-Philippine Highway (AH26) (Luzon–Visayas
Mindanao route)

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These roads link smaller cities, municipalities, and provincial capitals to the primary national roads. Provide access from local areas to the primary road network, ensuring connectivity of smaller communities.

Secondary National Road

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Roads that provide intermittent or local access but are still part of the national highway system. They usually serve as feeder roads, connecting smaller communities, barangays, or rural areas to secondary or primary national roads.

Tertiary National Road

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They are roads connecting one municipality to another, including those extending to public wharves or railway stations, and can be designated by the
provincial board (Sangguniang Panlalawigan).

Provincial Road

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A public road that falls under the jurisdiction of the city government. They are not classified as national or provincial roads but are essential for intra-city travel and connectivity. A street within the urban area of the city.

City Road

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Roads under the jurisdiction of the municipal government. Like city roads, they are not part of the national or provincial road network but are vital for
local connectivity

Municipal Road

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It is a street located outside the poblacion area of a municipality or urban area of a city and those outside industrial, commercial areas or residential subdivisions.

Barangay Road

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These are high-standard, limited-access highways designed for fast and safe travel. They are usually toll roads and are built to meet international expressway standards.

Expressways

Types of Roads According to National Importance

Major Road Minor Road

Roads that are frequently used by traffic and classified as National Roads or those which are part of the highway system.

Major Roads

High-capacity roads that carry large volumes of traffic and connect key cities, business centers, and regions.

Major Roads

Includes: - Primary National Roads (e.g., EDSA, Pan Philippine Highway, MacArthur Highway) - Expressways (e.g., NLEX, SLEX, SCTEX, Skyway)

Major Roads

Roads which are local in nature. It serves only the interest of the locality such as a street. They are less frequently used by traffic.

Minor Roads

Lower-capacity roads that mainly provide local or feeder access to communities, barangays, or secondary routes.

Minor Roads

Includes: - Secondary & Tertiary National Roads - Provincial, City, Municipal, and Barangay Roads

Minor Roads

A smaller road typically found in urban or residential areas

street

It mainly provides local access to houses, businesses, and community establishments

street

Carries lighter traffic and is designed for lower speeds.

street

Examples are España Boulevard in Manila, Session Road in Baguio, or neighborhood streets inside subdivisions.

street

This is a major public road that connects cities, towns, or regions

highway

Built for long-distance travel, higher traffic capacity, and faster movement of goods and people.

highway

Designed for heavier traffic and usually allows higher speeds

highway

Examples are Pan-Philippine Highway (AH26), North Luzon Expressway (NLEX), South Luzon Expressway (SLEX).

highway

Types of Roads According to Surface Course

Earth Road Gravel Road Asphalt Road PCC Pavement Road

It is the “simplest form of road” constructed by shaping and smoothing the natural soil traversed by the road line.

Earth Road

Are constructed from natural gravel together with a sufficient amount of good quality soil to serve as binder.

Gravel Road

It is sometimes termed as an “all weather road” and are used to construct Farm to Market Roads which serves to connect rural and agricultural areas to market towns.

Gravel Road

It is frequently described as “flexible pavement”.

Asphalt Road

It is composed of hot-mix combination of asphalt cement, crushed stone, fine sand and a small amount of air.

Asphalt Road

It is sometimes termed as “rigid pavement”.

PCC Pavement Road

It is composed of cement and water which are mixed with clean sand and graded sizes of crushed rock or similar material to make concrete.

PCC Pavement Road

Types of Roads According to Traffic Volume

For heavy traffic load For medium traffic load For light traffic load

Infrastructure Development Cycle

Project Identification Project Preparation Project Implementation Project Operation and Evaluation

It is the process of recognizing and collecting potential projects that address specific needs or opportunities, with the goal of selecting those that can generate the most benefits or returns on investment. This stage ensures that only feasible and high-impact projects move forward for further planning and evaluation.

Project Identification

This consists of various investigations and tests necessary to determine whether the project can and should be carried out and if, so, how, and when.

feasibility study (Project Feasibility Study)

If the project meets the above feasibility criteria, it is considered for inclusion in the medium-term infrastructure program for the period of ____________.

six years

Based on the medium-term infrastructure program, appropriations for the projects are authorized thru legislation.

Fund Appropriation

__________________ of a project under the medium-term program is undertaken in preparation for actual implementation under the annual infrastructure programs.

Detailed engineering

Projects proposed for inclusion in the ___________________ are: a) those that rank high in priority within the medium-term program, and b) those that are technically ready for actual implementation during the year (i.e. with substantially completed detailed engineering)

annual infrastructure program

Processes Under Project Preparation

Project Feasibility Study Inclusion in the Medium-Term Fund Appropriation Detailed Engineering Inclusion of Project in Annual Program: Programming

Processes Under Project Implementation

Fund Releases Right-of-Way Acquisition Bidding and Contracting Construction Completion and Acceptance Payment

Process at which after the NEDA Board approves the annual infrastructure program in early November, the DBM issues the Advice's of Allotment (AAs) for the projects in the program on a comprehensive basis.

Fund Releases

The ____________ of any infrastructure project, such as road, should be acquired ahead of construction in order not to impede the work.

right-of-way

Process at which, in line with the policy of the government to rely on the private sector as the main engine of economic development, infrastructure projects are generally undertaken by contract after public bidding.

Bidding and Contracting

Actual construction work is carried out through the _____________ and the Regional/District Offices.

Project Management Office (PMO)

This is the transition from the development to the operational stage. Completion reports and as-built plans are prepared for the submission to the implementing office heads, to management, and to funding institutions.

Project completion

Process at which due and demandable claims are processed by the DPWH either at the Central, Regional or District level, in accordance with existing government budgeting, accounting and auditing rules.

Payment

National roads and bridges, major flood control structures, and related facilities of national importance remain under the responsibility of the DWPH during this phase. The Regional and District undertake the maintenance of the facilities generally by administration.

operational

This is an attempt to assess the results of a project and, as a function of the results, of the means employed to achieve them.

Impact evaluation or post-project appraisal

This is a particular style of development of road networks, connecting various places.

Roadway pattern

The main principle of the road pattern is to ________________________________________. Road patterns are responsible for the traffic management of a region.

decrease the distance between two destinations and to reduce the time to reach from one place to another

Types of Roadway Patterns

Rectangular or Block Radial or Star and Block Radial or Star and Circular Radial or Star and Grid Hexagonal Minimum Travel Pattern

It is a plan where the streets and roads are in the form of grids or blocks running perpendicularly into each other thus forming a grid or block. Usually, the main road is wide which passes through the center of the area and other roads connecting to it are narrow. Not convenient from traffic operation.

Rectangular or Block

The entire area is divided into a radial network of roads radiating from the center outwardly with block pattern network of roads in between the radial main streets.

Radial or Star and Block

The main roads in this network spread out from a central point and are connected with concentric circular roads, radiating in outwards directions.

Radial or Star and Circular

A radial network of roads spreads out from the center to the outwards directions. Then the radial streets are connected using a grid pattern.

Radial or Star and Grid

In this pattern, the entire area is provided with a network of roads formatting hexagonal figures. At each corner of the hexagon, three roads meet the built-up area boundary by the sides of the hexagons is further divided in suitable sizes.

Hexagonal

In this pattern, road pattern grows linearly in one direction possible (straight roads) only due to the presence of some adjacent natural forces like sea or ocean on one side of the city. These are short roads.

Minimum Travel Pattern

These are part of the planned road network system developed under the Metropolitan Manila Arterial Road System (MMARS). They are major roads that form loops (rings) around the city to help divert traffic away from the city center and connect different radial roads.

Circumferential Roads

Roads that enable you to go in and out of the Metropolis, these roads lead to the provinces beyond the outskirts of Metro Manila.

Radial Roads

These are roads that enable you to go around the Metropolis seamlessly.

Circumferential Roads

In Metro Manila, these are long highways that radiate outward from the City of Manila (the old downtown / Kilometer Zero at Rizal Park). They were designed to connect the capital to nearby provinces and integrate with the Circumferential Roads (C-1 to C-6).

Radial Roads

This refers to the position or layout of its center line on the ground.

alignment of a highway

The alignment of a highway refers to the position or layout of its center line on the g round. It determines the path that the highway will follow and includes:

Straight Paths Horizontal Deviation Curves

Poor alignment of a highway can lead to:

Higher construction costs Increased maintenance costs Increased vehicle operating costs (fuel, wear and tear, travel time) Higher accident rates and associated costs

Once a highway is aligned and constructed, changing the alignment is very difficult and costly due to:

Increased land acquisition costs (value of adjoining land rises after construction) The presence of expensive structures (bridges, flyovers, drainage systems, etc.) that would need modification or reconstruction.

Requirements of Highway Alignment

Short Easy Safe Economical

Factors Controlling Alignment:

1. Obligatory Points 2. Availability of Construction Materials 3. Traffic 4. Crossing 5. Economic Factors 6. Geological features 7. Other Considerations 8. Land Acquisition

four railway lines in Metro Manila

LRT-1, LRT-2, MRT-3, and the PNR Metro Commuter Line

chapter 2 Flashcards

(86 cards)