Chapter 2 part 2

Question 1

central nervous system

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

autonomic and somatic

Question 3

autonomic nervous system

Answer 3

• involuntary
• sends and receives information to regulate the autonomic behaviors of the body

-control heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion

Question 4

somatic nervous system

Answer 4

• voluntary
• sends sensory info to CNS
• sensory + motor input

Question 5

autonomic nervous system subdivisions

Answer 5

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 6

sympathetic

Answer 6

• fight or flight

- ramps up our system

Question 7

parasympathetic

Answer 7

• rest and digest

- decreases functions

Question 8

advantage of having the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

Answer 8

having two systems that do different functions increases the speed which helps us survive

Question 9

grey matter

Answer 9

• cell bodies of our neurons
• Brain: outside
• Spinal cord: inside

Question 10

white matter

Answer 10

• axons wrapped in myelin
• brain: inside
• Spinal cord: outside

Question 11

what is a nerve

Answer 11

• a cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system
• large group of neurons

Question 12

brainstem

Answer 12

-midbrain, pons, medulla

Question 13

medulla

Answer 13

• responsible for vital reflexes and functions needed to stay alive
• respiration, heart beat

Question 14

pons

Answer 14

-controls muscle movements/functions

• walking
• sleep/ arousal

Question 15

cerebellum

Answer 15

• balance and coordination
• helps regulate motor movements
• important for shifting attention between auditory and visual stimuli

Question 16

midbrain

Answer 16

• movement
• motor functions
• some visual and auditory = localization stuff

Question 17

thalamus

Answer 17

• relay station for all sensory information

- except olfactory

Question 18

hypothalamus

Answer 18

-four F’s: feeding, fighting, fleeing, sex

Question 19

pituitary gland

Answer 19

produces hormones

Question 20

corpus callosum

Answer 20

-connects the left and right hemispheres

Question 21

limbic system

Answer 21

• group of structures involved emotions
• cingulatee gyrus, amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus
• associated with motivation, emotion, drives, and aggression

Question 22

hippocampus

Answer 22

-memory functions

Question 23

amygdala

Answer 23

-involve with fear response

Question 24

basal ganglia

Answer 24

• voluntary movement
• reward and learning
• motor control

-damage seen in Huntington’s and Parkinson’s disease

Question 25

cerebral cortex

Answer 25

- whole layers outside of the brain - made of gray matter (cell bodies) - info processing

Question 26

ventricles

Answer 26

- fluid filled spaces in the interior of the brain - Hollow filled with CSF - Cushion the interior of the brain - Also helps get rid of waste -With age and all sorts of disorders the ventricles get bigger Due to loss of tissue so they take up the space

Question 27

frontal lobe

Answer 27

- motor cortex, decision making, planning, impulse control, higher level thinking - Humans have higher prefrontal cortex than all other species

Question 28

parietal lobe

Answer 28

- posterior (behind) central sulcus - Somatosensory (sense of touch) - Visual association cortex = higher level visual processing - Attention processing (visual, etc)

Question 29

temporal lobe

Answer 29

- auditory functions - Hippocampus = memory - Olfactory (smell) - Primary auditory cortex

Question 30

occipital lobe

Answer 30

- towards the back of the head - visual functions - primary visual cortex

Question 31

central sulcus

Answer 31

-separates frontal and parietal lobe

Question 32

lateral (sylvan) fissure

Answer 32

separating the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobe

Question 33

longitudinal (interhemispheric) fissure

Answer 33

-a groove that separates the two hemispheres

Question 34

primary sensory cortices (visual, etc.)

Answer 34

processing all touch information

Question 35

gyrus (gyri)

Answer 35

a convulsion of the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres,

Question 36

sulci

Answer 36

-a groove that surface of the cerebral hemisphere

Question 37

fissure

Answer 37

- major grooves in the surface of the brain | - larger than a sulcus

Question 38

purpose of gyri, sulci, and fissures

Answer 38

increase the surface area of the brain to fit all the processing power into a small space

Question 39

homunculus

Answer 39

- a representation of the various sizes in somatosensory cortex - areas that are bigger: have more representation in cortex, have denser receptor fields, more receptors in our touch areas

Question 40

2 additional names of primary visual cortex

Answer 40

- V1 | - striate cortex

Question 41

5 steps of neural development

Answer 41

1. Induction of the Neural Plate 2. Neural Proliferation 3. Migration and Aggression 4. Axon Growth and Synapse Formation 5. Neuron Death and Synapse Rearrangement

Question 42

neurogenesis ...does it occur in the adult brain?

Answer 42

- growth of new neurons | - we do have growth of new neurons as adults, but is limited to the hippocampus