object recognition 4 concepts
-precision: using the term perceive or recognize correctly
-perceive: seeing that is object
-recognize: identifying
what object is and what
is use for
- unity: we perceive a unified whole
- flexibility robust: recognizing objects despite shifts in orientation, lighting, occlusion
- memory bound: once we perceive an image, memories are triggered
hierarchical coding hypothesis
-we have neurons that detect specific features (like edges, corners) and other things and then gets put together to make up one object
EX: vertical edge->corners–>rectangular surface =table
grandmother cells..how likely this theory
- recognition arises from the activation of neurons that are finely tuned to specific stimuli
- we have a specific neuron in our brain that is specific for recognizing specific objects
ex: halle berry neuron
ensemble theories…how likely are these to be true
- Stimulus recognition is based on the collective activation of many neurons
- we have neurons that recognize multiple features and put them together into a single object
ex: specific hair, lips, face = grandma
Dorsal visual processing stream
- WHERE
- spatial perception
-bilateral PARIETAL lobe
ventral visual processing stream
- WHAT
- object perception and recognition
-bilateral TEMPORAL lobe
Is there a dissociation for what and where information in the auditory system?
- NO
- Ventral= identifying pattern/ WHAT
- Dorsal = WHERE/ sound location
Describe 2 lines of evidence supporting this theory (Dorsal and Ventral)
- lesion studies with monkeys
- Outcome of bilateral temporal lobe lesions : Difficulty discriminating shapes
- Outcome of bilateral parietal lobe lesions: Difficulty discriminating object location
agnosia
Inability to interpret sensations and hence to recognize things, typically as a result of brain damage
visual agnosia
- deficit in visual recognition
- trouble recognizing objects
- see all the details, but no idea what an object is
optic ataxia
- deficit in visual-manual guidance
- can identify the object and see where is located, but when trying to grab they can’t
- when not watching they can interact with the object
apperceptive agnosia
- difficulty in developing coherent percept
- Good at visual views of objects in typical views, but difficulty when object is in an unusual view/perspective
- Trouble when items are shadowed together or unusual orientation
integrative agnosia
-Subtype of apperceptive agnosia involving failure to integrate parts of an object into a coherent whole
- difficulty putting objects together
- cannot separate objects from each other
associative agnosia
-Cannot understand or assign meaning to objects, but can parse them
- Trouble identifying objects
- trouble giving meaning of the object
-able to see objects separately, but not able to name them
Which region of the brain is involved in face recognition? How is this region controversial?
- fusiform face area
- An area in the ventral temporal lobe that appears specialized to detect faces
- Some controversy on whether it’s a face specific area or an expert specific area
- this area like faces, but can also be activated when use to identify expert objects or when doing things one is an expert in
Name the regions of the brain involved in scene recognition
- Parahippocampal Place Area (PPA)
- responsive to locations, places, houses, etc
Name the regions of the brain involved in body part recognition
- Extrastriate Body Area (EBA)
- Fusiform Body Area (FBA)
goal of object recognition
to identify an object and determine its location
role of motor system in object recognition
- Our visual knowledge of many inanimate objects is supplemented by kinesthetic codes developed through our interactions with these objects.
- we identify non living things more because we have interacted with them more
- nonliving activate both motor and other cortex
scissors …how is it an example of the role of motor system in object recognition
-scissors activates both motor cortex and visual cortex because we interact with it more so is easier to recognize
parahippocampal area and posterior parietal cortex function
information about places and scenes
Lateral occipital cortex and anterior inferior temporal cortex function
object recognition
Fusiform gyrus and superior temporal sulcus
face recognition
posterior parietal
visually guided action
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Chapter 16
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Chapter 238
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Chapter 2 part 242
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chapter 328
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chapter 411
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chapter 540
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Chapter 6 Object Recognition24
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8: Control of Action29
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9: Memory Part 137
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9: Memory part 225
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7: Attention22
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Chapter 10 Emotions22
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12- cognitive control14
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13- Social Cognition17
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14- Consciousness19
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11-Language21
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12 SOCIAL COGNITION DEVELOPMENT32
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Onishi and Baillargeon 20053
