Chapter 2: The Research Process

Question 1

Eight-Step Model

Answer 1

1. Formulating research problem
2. Conceptualizing a research design
3. Constructing an instrument for data collection
4. Selecting a sample
5. Write research proposal
6. Collecting data
7. Processing and displaying data
8. Writing a research report

Question 2

Research Design should include…

Answer 2

• study design per se
• logistical arrangements
• measurement procedures
• sampling strategy
• frame of analysis
• time frame

Question 3

Primary Data

Answer 3

data collected specifically the study

Question 4

Secondary Data

Answer 4

data already collected for other purposes

Question 5

Key aims of sampling

Answer 5

• avoidance of bias in the selection of the sample

- attainment of maximum precision for a given outlay of resources

Question 6

Categories for sampling design

Answer 6

• random sampling
• non-random sampling
• mixed sampling

Question 7

Information included in a research proposal

Answer 7

• what you are proposing to do
• how you plan to proceed
• why you selected the proposed strategy

Question 8

Details included in research proposal

Answer 8

• statement of objectives
• list of hypothesis
• study design
• setting for the study
• research instruments
• sample size and sampling design
• data processing procedures
• study’s problems and limitations
• proposed time-frame

Question 9

Ways to collect data

Answer 9

• interviews
• questionnaire by email
• focus group discussions
• observations
• survey