Chapter 6: Constructing Hypotheses

Question 1

Hypothesis

Answer 1

• important for formulation of a research problem in quantitative studies
• brings direction and focus to the study
• statement that can be proven or disproven by reliable data

Question 2

Characteristics of a Hypothesis

Answer 2

• validity unknown
• in most cases, specifies relationship between two or more variables
• temporary answer to the formulation of a research problem.
• provides basis in research

Question 3

A Hypothesis should be…

Answer 3

• simple, specific, conceptually clear
• unidimensional: should test only one relationship at a time
• familiar with the subject area
• measurable
• capable of verification
• related to existing body of knowledge

Question 4

Null-hypothesis

Answer 4

hypothesis that indicates that there is no difference between the variables

Question 5

Hypothesis of Difference

Answer 5

predict that there will be a difference, but do not predict the magnitude

Question 6

Hypothesis of Point-Prevalence

Answer 6

when there is enough knowledge that there can be a speculation about frequency/prevalence/outcome

Question 7

Hypothesis of Association

Answer 7

states the extent of the relationship or the prevalence of a phenomenon

Question 8

Errors in testing a Hypothesis: Incorrect conclusions about the validity

Answer 8

• faulty study design
• faulty sampling
• inaccurate method of data collection
• wrong analysis
• inappropriate statistical procedures
• incorrect conclusions

Question 9

2 types of possible errors when drawing a conclusion about the hypothesis

Answer 9

• type I error: rejection of a null-hypothesis when it’s true
• type II error: acceptance of a null-hypothesis when it’s false