development of the CNS **
- shaping:ectoderm develops and forms into the neural plate
- folding: as more cells are added, edges curl together and groove forms on the neural plate to form a neural tube
- some neural ectoderm is pinched off and becomes the neural crest; neural tube fuses together
- tube begins to develop 3 chambers: forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
- brain portion develops, white & gray matter appears (spinal cord), central canal of spinal cord forms
nervous system two major subsystems?
- central nervous system
- peripheral nervous system
CNS
brain, spinal cord, retina
peripheral nervous system
somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system, cranial nerves
somatic nervous system
- sends sensory info to CNS
- SENSORY + VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT
autonomic nervous system
- sends and receives info to regulate the autonomic behaviors of the body
- control heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion
- INVOLUTANRY
autonomic nervous system subdivisions
-sympathetic and parasympathetic
brain major divisions **
- forebrain
- midbrain
- hindbrain
Forebrains subdivisions **
T= CeCe Bought George Lime Salt
D= Hyper Thames
- telecephalon: cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, limbic system
- diencephalon: hypothalamus, thalamus
Midbrain subdivisions **
Messy=Tec Tegan
-mesencephalon: tectum, tegmentum
Hindbrain subdivisions **
Met= Cereal Pony
My= Medusa Oblo
- Metecephalon: cerebellum, pons
- myelencephalon: medulla, oblogonta
the elevations produced by the folds in the cortex are called
gyrus, singular
sulk
valleys produced by the fold in the cortex
CSF 2 main functions:
- shock absorber
- provides essential nutrients and a medium for the exchange of materials between blood vessels and brain tissue.
Brain development stages:
cerebral cortex –> basal ganglia –> thalamus & hypothalamus –> tectum & tegmentum –> cerebellum & pons –> medulla –> spinal cord
basal ganglia
- MOTOR CONTROL
- include: caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra
limbic system
- amygdala, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, etc
- emotional regulation, motivation, drives & aggressions, learning
thalamus
relay station for all sensory info
hypothalamus
responsible for regulating functions critical for survival of self
-four F’s: fighting, feeding, fleeing, sex
pituitary gland
produces hormones
tectum
- roof
- superior colliculi: vision
- inferior colliculi: hearing
cerebellum
- regulate motor movements
- balance and coordination
- shifting attention btw auditory and visual stimuli
pons
-controls muscle movements like walking
medulla oblongata
responsible for vital reflexes and functions needed to stay alive: breathing, heart rate, blood pressure
