chapter 3 - synapses

Question 1

synapses

Answer 1

the point of connection of neurons to other cells

can be divided into two sets of events

Question 2

pre synaptic and postsynaptic neurons

Answer 2

pre- the sender
post - receiver

Question 3

the gap between axon terminals

Answer 3

the gap between is called the cleft or synaptic gap

Question 4

signal mechanism/structure

Answer 4

chemical - neurotrans across synaptic cleft

electrical - ions pass directly through gap

Question 5

the speed

Answer 5

chemical - several milisecons
electr - instant

Question 6

signal direction

Answer 6

chem - one way
elec - bidirectional

Question 7

signal strengths

Answer 7

chem - no loss of signal
elect - diminishes over time

Question 8

the advantage of chemical vs electrical synapse

Answer 8

the electrical diminishes power over time therefore it may not even reach the threshold or

Question 9

axodendritic synapse

Answer 9

an axon connected to a dentrite

Question 10

axoaxonic

Answer 10

axon on another axon

Question 11

dendrodendritic synapse

Answer 11

between two dendrites

Question 12

synaptic vesicles

Answer 12

Inside the presynaptic

Contain small molecule neurotransmitters

Question 13

neurotransmitter granules

Answer 13

vesicles contain large neurotransmitters

Question 14

5 types of neurotransmitters

Answer 14

small and large

post synaptic -
inhibitory, exitatory
modulating

Question 15

calcium +2 - presyn

Answer 15

flows into the presynaptic vesicles/granules, tells them to move towards the post-synaptic and release

Question 16

docking - presyn

Answer 16

process by which synaptic vesicles align themselves to the area where they release the neurotransmitter

Question 17

exocytosis - exit
endocytosis - enter

Answer 17

process where molecules re exported out of the cell

process where molecules are taken up into a cell

Question 18

post synaptic events

Answer 18

the receiver will detect and translate the neurotransmitter

changes in the post synaptic membrane

receive, detect , act

Question 19

ionotrpic receptor

Answer 19

located on the ion channels
they open by changing their shape in response to the binding of neurostrans to its receptor

Question 20

metabotropic receptor

Answer 20

a shortcut pathway,

the second messenger cascade

g protein-gated ion channel

Question 21

diffusion

Answer 21

neurotransmitter molecules drift away from the synaptic cleft into extracellular fluid and out of synapse

Question 22

degradation

Answer 22

specific enzymes from the synaptic cleft chemically break down the neurotrans into inactive

Question 23

reuptake - transporter curtains

Answer 23

active process where specialized transporter proteins on the presynaptic neuron pump neurotrans from the cleft back into terminal

Question 24

synaptic integration

Answer 24

process where a neuron combines all the signals it receives to see if it should act on it

whether it reaches the threshold to fire or not

Question 25

excitatory postsynaptic potential

Answer 25

causes neuronal membrane voltage to move towards activation threshold

Question 26

inhibitory postsynaptic potential

Answer 26

causes neuronal membrane voltage to move away or below the resting potential

Question 27

post synaptic potential

Question 28

summation

Answer 28

post synaptic neuron that does the calculation and decides to fire or not ex. summation of epsp's moving towards a theshhold

Question 29

spatial and temporal summation

Answer 29

spatial - one signal multiple synapse temporal - multiple signal same synaps