sleep

Question 1

sleep

Answer 1

Its reversible

Naturally occurring state of reduced responsiveness to the environment

Accompanied by characteristic brain patterns

thalamus relay sleep

Question 2

restorative function of sleep

Answer 2

cellular repair - growth
-tissue/muscle repair
-increase growth hormone secretion

energy restoration
-reduced metabolic activity
-core body temp + glucose

waste clearance

immune support

Question 3

cognitive function of sleep

Answer 3

Memory consolidated
-short mem to long
hippocampal replay + synaptic strengthening

learning integration
-new info integrate with existing

emotional regulation
process emotional

Question 4

physiological

Answer 4

Hormonal regulation
-balance hormone
appetite/stress vary across different stages

metabolic regulation

cardiovascular recovery

circadian rhythm synchronization

Question 5

sleep architecture

Answer 5

NREM VS REM

90 min cycle for each sleep

non repeat and repeat eye movement

Question 6

NREM

Answer 6

N1 -
N2 -
N3 -
REM

Question 8

N1

Answer 8

light sleep, dozing off in a meeting,
5%

Question 9

N2

Answer 9

deeper than N1, Theta waves, sleep spindle/K-complex
heart rate slows, no eye movement
50%

Question 10

N3

Answer 10

deep sleep/slow wave, restorative function
delta waves - slow
high amp

Blood pressure is low
bbb is active
hardest stage to wake someone up from
groggy and disoriented

night terror or sleepwalking happen at this stage

Question 11

REM sleep

Answer 11

20% of sleep
paradoxical sleep
brain looks awake but body is sleep
combo of alpha and thet,

amygdala is active - emotion

Question 12

neural control N1

Answer 12

reticular formation
thalamus
cortex

Question 13

neura control N2

Answer 13

Hippocampus turns short term memory to long

thalamus even more active - stricter that is why it is not easier to wake someone up at this sleep

Question 14

neural control N3

Answer 14

VLPO - in the hypothalamus

ventrolateral preoptic nucleus

brains deep cleaning and recovery cycle

Question 15

neural control REM - muscle atonia

Answer 15

pons communicate with thalamus
pons inhibits medula - loss of muscle control called muscle atonia

sleep walking - pons not inhibiting medula properly

amygdala active - waking up happy or not

Question 16

circadian rhythm

Answer 16

Internal time keeper for waking up and falling sleep

Hypothalamus - sleep/awake switch
VLPO

Thalamus - cortical activation, sleep spindles, EEG

Suprachiasmtic nucleus
circadian clock
melatonin

Brain stem ascending cortical activation

Question 17

morning/night

Answer 17

Morning light hits the eye,
suprachiasmatic
melatonin is supresses

SEN activated the pineal gland at night
melatonin is activated

Question 18

evening and morning

Answer 18

process C
go to sleep or awake

process S
the pressure we feel since waking
the more pressure build up the more tired

Question 19

nocturnal lagophthalmos

Answer 19

not being able to shut the eye when sleep