Chapter 35

Question 1

constrict

Answer 1

to narrow

Question 2

dilate

Answer 2

to expand

Question 3

skin tear

Answer 3

• break / rip of outer skin layer
• tearing top layer skin from lower tissue

Question 4

ulcer

Answer 4

shallow / deep crater sore of skin / mucous membrane

Question 5

wound

Answer 5

break in skin / mucous membrane; portal of entry

Question 6

wounds are commonly from ?

Answer 6

• surgery
• trauma
• constant pressure / friction
• shearing
• nerve damage
• decreased blood flow

Question 7

circulatory ulcers include ?

Answer 7

• venous ulcers
• arterial ulcers
• diabetic foot ulcers

Question 8

ischemic

Answer 8

reduced blood flow to body part

Question 9

stasis

Answer 9

stopped / slowed fluid flow

Question 10

venous ulcers

Answer 10

open stasis sores of lower legs / feet due to poor venous blood flow
- usually heels, inner ankles
- dull-aching pain

Question 11

arterial ulcers

Answer 11

open ischemic wounds of lower leg / feet due to poor arterial blood flow
- usually between / top of toes, outside ankles
- extreme pain

Question 12

diabetic foot ulcers

Answer 12

open wounds on foot due to diabetes complications
- lose sensation in feet

Question 13

common foot problems of diabetic person ?

Answer 13

• corns
• blisters
• ingrown / fungal toenail
• bunions
• plantar warts
• hammer toe
• dry / cracked skin
• athletes foot

Question 14

elastic stockings

Answer 14

put pressure on veins to promote venous blood flow; help prevent thrombi
- compression stockings
- anti - embolism stockings

Question 15

thrombus

Answer 15

blood clots in leg veins

Question 16

embolus

Answer 16

blood clot that travels

Question 17

pulmonary embolism

Answer 17

embolus that is lodged in the lungs

Question 18

persons at risk for thrombi ?

Answer 18

• heart / circulatory / lymphatic disorders
• bed rest
• older
• pregnant
• had surgery

Question 19

anti embolism / thrombo embolic deterrent (AE stockings / TED hose)

Answer 19

• prevent blood clot formation
• common after surgery
• not long term use

Question 20

compression socks

Answer 20

• improve blood flow
• prevent leg swelling
• long term use

Question 21

how to wash elastic stockings

Answer 21

wash 1 pair while other is being worn
- hand wash w/ mild soap
- hang to dry

Question 22

how should elastic stockings be worn ?

Answer 22

• toe opening is either on top / bottom of toe
• no twists / creases / wrinkles

Question 23

when should elastic stockings be worn / taken off ?

Answer 23

• applied before getting out of bed (dry legs)
• taken off when in bed

Question 24

how should stockings be applied

Answer 24

turned inside out then rolled back / pulled back properly up the leg

Question 25

elastic bandages

Answer 25

same purpose as elastic stockings; provide support / reduce swelling of injuries

Question 26

applying elastic bandages ?

Answer 26

apply firmly / evenly starting from distal to proximal end of extremity (furthest to closest) - loose end of bandage is the bottom - expose toes / fingers if possible - wrap around twice for first / last spiral - spirals should cover 1/2 - 3/4 of previous spiral - each spiral is equal

Question 27

when should elastic bandages be changed ?

Answer 27

if moist / soiled; only reapplied if loose

Question 28

wound dressing functions ?

Answer 28

- protect wound - absorb drainage - remove dead tissue - provide comfort / pressure - cover unsightly wounds - moist environment for healing

Question 29

common types of materials to secure dressing ?

Answer 29

- paper - plastic - cloth - elastic tape - adhesive; less common due to more complications (irritation, skin tears, etc.)

Question 30

three methods of securing dressings ?

Answer 30

depends on dressing / wound - tape top, middle, bottom - tape edges - tape entire dressing

Question 31

how should taping never be secured ?

Answer 31

fully circling body part w/ tape; can lead to impaired circulation

Question 32

montgomery straps

Answer 32

used for large wounds / persons w/ frequent dressing changes - one end tape other has cloth ties

Question 33

how are montgomery straps applied ?

Answer 33

1) clean away from wound each side; starting with one side going to the next 2) clean top to bottom of wound; starting from center of wound outward each side 3) apply to each side of dressing 3) tie cloth straps together over dressing

Question 34

binders

Answer 34

wide bands of elastic fabric; support wounds / hold dressing in place

Question 35

abdominal binders

Answer 35

provide abdominal support / hold dressing in place - top part at waist - lower part over hips - secured w/ velcro / hook and loop

Question 36

breast binder

Answer 36

provide breast support after surgery - secured w/ velcro / padded zippers

Question 37

compression garments

Answer 37

garments of tight stretchy fabric common after plastic surgery - reduce swelling - keep skin against body - prevent fluid buildup - achieve desired shape

Question 38

heat applications help what problems ?

Answer 38

musculoskeletal injuries / problems - relieve pain / swelling - relax muscle - promote healing - decrease stiffness dilates area; constricts after too long

Question 39

heat is never applied to what ?

Answer 39

- implant areas (peacemakers, joint replacements) - pregnant women's abdomen (can affect fetal growth)

Question 40

cold applications help what problems ?

Answer 40

treat sprains / fractures - reduce pain - prevent swelling - decrease circulation / bleeding (constricts arteries / veins) constricts; after too long dilates

Question 41

moist application

Answer 41

water contact w/ skin - moist heat = lower temps. - dry heat = higher temps.

Question 42

dry application

Answer 42

no water contact w/ skin

Question 43

hot temp

Answer 43

99°-106°F

Question 44

warm temp

Answer 44

93°-98°F

Question 45

tepid temp

Answer 45

80°-92°F

Question 46

cool temp

Answer 46

65°-79°F

Question 47

cold temp

Answer 47

50°-64°F