Chapter 3E

Question 1

The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system that regulates …, … and … (visceral effectors).

Answer 1

cardiac
muscles, smooth muscles, and glands

Question 2

… nervous system consists of …. motor neurons that regulate
visceral activities by either increasing (exciting) or decreasing (inhibiting) ongoing
activities in their effector tissues. E.g. changes in the diameter of the pupils, dilation and
constriction of blood vessels, and adjustment of the rate and force of the heartbeat.

Answer 2

The autonomic
autonomic

Question 3

Unlike skeletal muscle, tissues innervated by the …. often function to some extent
even if their nerve supply is damaged

Answer 3

ANS

Question 4

The ANS usually operates with/without conscious control

Answer 4

without

Question 5

The ANS can also receive sensory input from: sensory neurons associated with
interoceptors, sensory receptors located in blood vessels, visceral organs, muscles, and
the nervous system that monitor conditions in the internal environment. Examples of
interoceptors are chemoreceptors that monitor blood CO2 level and mechanoreceptors
that detect the degree of stretch in the walls of organs or blood vessels.

Answer 5

ok

Question 6

RECALL:

• The ANS is comprised of two main branches, the sympathetic nervous system and
  the parasympathetic nervous system.
• With a few exceptions, effectors receive innervation from both of these branches
  (dual innervation), and usually the two branches have opposing actions:
• The parasympathetic nervous system takes care of “rest-and-digest” activities.
  Eg. decreases heart rate.
• The sympathetic nervous system helps support exercise or emergency actions—
  the so-called “fight-or-flight” responses. Eg. increases heart rate.

Answer 6

ok

Question 7

Most autonomic motor pathways consist of two motor neurons in series.
1. ….neuron (preganglionic neuron)
2. … neuron (postganglionic neuron)

Answer 7

The first
The second

Question 8

Motor neurons in … nervous
system:

• In piramidal pathway, UMN
  originate in cerebral cortex.
• LMN is only one myelinated
  neuron and always excites its
  effectors (skeletal muscle fibers).
• LMN release only acetylcholine.

Motor neurons in …
nervous system:
* Most autonomic motor pathways
consist of two motor neurons in
series: pre and postganglionic
neuron.
* Postganglionic neuron either
excites or inhibits visceral
effectors.
* Postganglionic neuron release
acetylcholine or norepinephrine.

which belongs to
somatic
autonomic

Answer 8

1. somatic
2. autonomic

Question 9

somatic pathway = one neuron pathway

autonomic = two neuron pathway, usually

true/false

Answer 9

true

Question 10

The ENS (enteric) contains sensory neurons, interneurons,
and motor neurons:

1. Enteric sensory neurons:
2. Enteric interneurons:
3. Enteric motor neurons:
   * It is conected to the ANS: sympathetic and
   parasympathetic division.

A monitor chemical
changes within the gastrointestinal tract as
well as the stretching of its walls.

B govern contraction
of gastrointestinal tract smooth muscle and
secretion of gastrointestinal tract glands.

C integrate information
from the sensory neurons and provide input
to motor neurons.

which description fits which neuron?

Answer 10

1. A
2. C
3. B