Chapter 4

Question 1

In its essence, a theory is:

A. A rigid set of structures that determines the direction of therapy
B. A step-by-step guide concerning roles, guidelines and tasks to be completed
C. A general framework that provides structure and direction
D. A nonflexible set of techniques that ensures a desired outcome

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The quality of the __________________ is crucial in ensuring successful therapeutic outcomes.

A. Theory
B. Theorist
C. Treatment plan
D. Therapeutic relationship

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Tamara is beginning the process of integrating theories into an approach that she hopes to find effective and useful. It is recommended that she consider each of the following except:

A. Her worldview
B. Her interpersonal strengths
C. Her weaknesses and limitations
D. Her life experiences

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The interaction between what individuals think and how those thoughts influence and affect feelings and behavior can best be described as one of:

A. Reciprocity
B. Correlation
C. Synergism
D. Harmony

Answer 4

A

Question 5

Focusing on the feelings and emotions of group members is to pay particular attention to the:

A. Effective domain
B. Cognitive domain
C. Affective domain
D. Expressive domain

Answer 5

C

Question 6

The therapeutic domain considered most important for bringing about change is:

A. Cognitive
B. Affective
C. Reciprocal
D. Behavioral

Answer 6

D

Question 7

According to Hubble, Duncan, Miller and Wampold (2012), a positive ______________ is one of the strongest predictors of a positive therapeutic outcome.

A. Atmosphere
B. Alliance
C. Therapist
D. Theoretical approach

Answer 7

B

Question 8

The stated goal of psychotherapy is the _______________ of the personality through a process of insight.

A. Understanding
B. Reconstruction
C. Influencing
D. Transformation

Answer 8

B

Question 9

9. Psychoanalytic theory stresses the examination of the subject’s first _________ years of life:

A. Six
B. Three
C. Five5
D. Eight

Answer 9

A

Question 10

Wolfgang has just consulted with his supervisor. He is concerned that his own objectivity is being compromised because of his own personal feelings and emotions toward his client and their relationship. He sees the client much as he saw his own abusive father. Wolfgang is experiencing:

A. Obstruction
B. Transference
C. Counter-transference
D. Projection

Answer 10

C

Question 11

Adlerian theory sees the main factor that influences people as ____________.

A. Emotional
B. Personal
C. Communicative
D. Societal

Answer 11

D

Question 12

Which of the following is not a hallmark of the Adlerian therapeutic approach as it pertains to the therapist-client relationship?

A. Collaboration
B. Mutual trust
C. Interdependence
D. Cooperation

Answer 12

C

Question 13

Therapy modes represented under the umbrella of Relationship-Oriented Approaches include all of the following except:

A. Rational-emotive
B. Gestalt
C. Psychodrama
D. Existential

Answer 13

A

Question 14

Emotions associated with death, dying, mortality and loneliness are concepts strongly interwoven into which therapeutic approach?

A. Gestalt
B. Existential
C. Humanistic
D. Social-learning theory

Answer 14

B

Question 15

Tyrone is interested in exploring additional types of therapeutic approaches in order to expand his repertoire. He expresses interest in a more client-centered approach. His supervisor suggests looking into writings of ____________.

    A.  Albert Bandura 
B.  Albert Ellis 
C.  Carl Rogers 
D.  Abraham Maslow

Answer 15

C

Question 16

The re-creation of situations that individuals experienced — situations that were difficult or not properly dealt with — in order to experience them in the here-and-now, is a hallmark of:

A. Psychodrama
B. Drama Therapy
C. Dramatization
D. Reality Therapy

Answer 16

A

Question 17

The fundamental goals of Behavioral Therapy are to increase ____________ and create new conditions that are conducive to the fostering of _____________.

A. Coping mechanisms/thriving
B. Skills/coping
C. Choices/learning
D. Expression/change

Answer 17

C

Question 18

Which of the following activities do not represent a treatment approach of Behavior Therapy?

A. Expressive arts
B. Systematic desensitization
C. Flooding
D. Role-play

Answer 18

A

Question 19

The elimination of negative self-talk, faulty and negative emotional responses and self-defeating thoughts and behaviors is fundamental to:

A. Transactional Analysis
B. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy
C. Gestalt Therapy
D. Rational-Emotive Therapy

Answer 19

D

Question 20

The “W” and “P” of the WDEP model of Reality Therapy refer to:

A. Wavelength/Predictor
B. Why/Produce
C. Wants/Planning
D. Wonder/Project

Answer 20

C

Question 21

The Existential Approach

Answer 21

1. We have the capacity for self-awareness
2. Because we are basically free beings, we must accept the responsibility that accompanies our freedom
3. We have a concern to preserve our uniqueness and identity; we come to know ourselves in relation to knowing and interacting with others.
4. The significance of our existence and the meaning of our life are never fixed once and for all; instead, we re-create ourselves through our projects
5. Anxiety is part of the human condition
6. Death is also a basic human condition, and the reality of our mortality heightens our sense of ultimate aloneness

Question 22

Experiential and relationship-oriented approaches

Answer 22

• The Existential Approach
• Person-Centered Approach
• Person-Centered Approach
• Gestalt Therapy
• Psychodrama

Question 23

Gestalt Therapy

Answer 23

• This approach emphasizes the here-and-now, direct experiencing, awareness, and bringing unfinished business into the present and dealing with it
• The primary goal of Gestalt therapy is attaining awareness and greater choice
• Factors that are emphasized include the therapist’s presence, authentic dialogue, gentleness, direct self-expression by the therapist, and a greater trust in the client’s experiencing
• Gestalt group leaders think more in terms of experiments than techniques
• Experiments are the cornerstone of experiential learning. Gestalt therapy utilizes the experiment to move group members from talk to action and experience
• Feelings, thoughts, body sensations, and actions are all used as pathways to understand what is central for the client in each moment

Question 24

Psychodrama

Answer 24

• Group members explore their problems through role playing, enacting situations using various dramatic devices to gain insight, discover their own creativity, and develop behavioral skills
• Group members act out past, present, or anticipated life situations and roles to gain deeper understanding, explore feelings and achieve emotional release, and develop new ways of coping
• By replaying a past event “as if” it were happening in the present, the individual is able to assign new meaning to it
• Psychodrama aims at fostering creativity in the individual, the group, and ultimately in the culture. Other goals include promoting catharsis and insight
• Those who employ psychodramatic methods assume an active and directive role
• Psychodrama uses a number of specific techniques designed to intensify feelings, clarify implicit beliefs, increase self-awareness, and practice new behaviors

Question 25

Behavior Therapy

Answer 25

* The cornerstone of this approach is the identification of specific goals at the outset of therapy, which serves as a way to monitor and measure the progress of members * This systematic approach begins with a comprehensive assessment of each individual * Empirically supported techniques are selected (once goals are set) to deal with specific problems because this approach is grounded in evidence-based practice * The members and therapist collaboratively specify treatment goals in concrete, measurable, and objective terms * Leaders tend to be active and directive and to function as consultants and problem solvers * Behavioral interventions are individually tailored to specific problems experienced by different group members * Techniques include relaxation methods, behavioral rehearsal, coaching, guided practice, mindfulness skills, cognitive restructuring, and systematic desensitization, just to name a few

Question 26

Cognitive Behavioral Approaches

Answer 26

* Cognitive therapy assumes that people are prone to learning erroneous, self-defeating thoughts but that they are capable of unlearning them * The group leader assists members in forming hypotheses and testing their assumptions, which is known as collaborative empiricism * The goal is to change the way clients think by identifying their automatic thoughts and introduce the idea of cognitive restructuring * Group leaders combine empathy and sensitivity with technical competence in establishing their relationship with members * This approach is present-centered, psychoeducational, and time-limited * Cognitive behavioral practitioners function as teachers * The cognitive strategies of Socratic questioning and guided discovery are central to cognitive therapy

Question 27

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

Answer 27

* REBT holds that self-defeating thinking leads to emotional and behavioral disorders * People incorporate dysfunctional beliefs from external sources and then continue to indoctrinate themselves with this faulty thinking * The goals of REBT are to eliminate a self-defeating outlook on life, to reduce unhealthy emotional responses, and to acquire a more rational and tolerant philosophy * REBT practitioners strive to unconditionally accept the members of their groups and teach them to unconditionally accept others and themselves * REBT utilizes a wide range of cognitive, emotive, and behavioral methods * Techniques are designed to induce clients to critically examine their present beliefs and behavior (e.g., teaching members coping self-statements, disputing faulty thinking)

Question 28

Reality Therapy

Answer 28

* Choice theory is the underlying philosophy of the practice of reality therapy * A key concept of reality therapy and choice theory is that no matter how dire our circumstances may be, we always have a choice * Human beings are motivated to change: 1. when they determine that their current behavior is not getting them what they want 2. when they believe they can choose other behaviors that will get them closer to what they want

Question 29

WDEP model

Answer 29

* Wants * Doing * Evaulation * Planning

Question 30

Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT)

Answer 30

* SFBT involves a shift from talking about problems to talking about exceptions to problems and creating solutions * SFBT emphasizes the role of participants establishing their own goals and preferences. Members are asked to think about their future and what they want to be different in their lives * SFBT is a collaborative venture * The concepts of care, interest, respectful curiosity, openness, empathy, contact, and even fascination are seen as relational necessities * Because SFBT is brief, the leader aims to keep group members on a solution track rather than a problem track * Techniques include pretherapy change, exception questions, the miracle question, scaling questions, homework, and summary feedback

Question 31

Narrative Therapy

Answer 31

* This approach is based partly on examining the stories that people tell and understanding the meaning of their stories * The therapist attempts to separate clients from their problems (through externalizing conversations) so that they do not adopt a fixed view of their identity * Group members are invited to view their stories from different perspectives and eventually co-create an alternative life story * Members are invited to describe their experience in fresh language and identify how societal standards are internalized in ways that constrain them * Narrative therapy’s most distinctive feature is captured by the statement, “The person is not the problem, but the problem is the problem.” * Therapists ask questions from a not-knowing position * Members learn that they are not cemented to their problem-saturated stories and can develop alternative and more constructive stories