1) Which one of the following is not one of the four main tissue categories?
A) muscle tissue
B) neural tissue
C) osseous tissue
D) connective tissue
E) epithelial tissue
C – Osseous tissue is a type of connective tissue (bone), not a main tissue category.
2) The tissue that always has a “top” and a “bottom” is:
A) epithelial tissue
B) connective tissue
C) muscle tissue
D) basal tissue
E) apical tissue
A – Epithelial cells show polarity: apical (top) and basal (bottom) surfaces.
4) Epithelial cells that are adapted for absorption or secretion usually have ________ at their free surface:
A) mitochondria
B) cilia
C) microvilli
D) junctional complexes
E) Golgi complexes
C – Microvilli increase surface area for absorption/secretion.
3) Functions of epithelia include all of the following, except:
A) providing physical protection
B) controlling permeability
C) absorption
D) producing specialized secretions
E) supporting muscle cells
E – Epithelia do not support muscle cells; that’s a connective tissue function.
5) A type of intercellular junction that stops materials from crossing an epithelium between cells is termed a(n):
A) occluding junction
B) gap junction
C) intermediate junction
D) desmosome
E) any of the above
A – Occluding (tight) junctions prevent leakage between cells.
6) Dead skin cells are held together by strong intercellular connections called:
A) gap junctions
B) intermediate junctions
C) tight junctions
D) desmosomes
E) junctional complexes
D – Desmosomes link intermediate filaments and resist mechanical stress.
8) Cells that store fat are called:
A) cellulocytes
B) macrocytes
C) adipocytes
D) podocytes
E) melanocytes
C – Adipocytes store triglycerides.
7) Connective tissue fibers are produced mainly by:
A) fibroblasts
B) macrophages
C) adipocytes
D) mast cells
E) melanocytes
A – Fibroblasts synthesize collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
13) Cells that respond to injury by dividing to assist in connective tissue repair are:
A) mast cells
B) fibroblasts
C) plasmocytes
D) mesenchymal stem cells
E) lymphocytes
D – Mesenchymal stem cells differentiate to replace damaged tissue.
9) The framework of organs like spleen, liver, and lymph nodes is made of:
A) loose connective
B) dense regular connective
C) dense irregular connective
D) reticular connective
E) adipose
D – Reticular connective tissue forms stroma for soft organs.
10) The heart and blood vessels are lined by:
A) pseudostratified columnar epithelium
B) transitional epithelium
C) simple cuboidal epithelium
D) simple columnar epithelium
E) simple squamous epithelium
E – Endothelium is a simple squamous epithelium.
11) The muscle tissue that shows no striations is:
A) skeletal
B) cardiac
C) smooth
D) voluntary
E) multinucleated
C – Smooth muscle lacks striations.
12) Tissue specialized for conduction of electrical impulses is:
A) connective
B) neural
C) areolar
D) osseous
E) epithelial
B – Neural tissue (neurons) transmits impulses.
14) Unlike cartilage, bone:
A) is connective tissue
B) has collagen in matrix
C) is highly vascular
D) has an outer covering
E) has cells in lacunae
C – Bone is highly vascular; cartilage is avascular.
16) The study of tissues is called:
A) histology
B) physiology
C) anatomy
D) embryology
E) cytology
A – Histology is the microscopic study of tissues.
15) The body’s first tissue response to any injury is:
A) regeneration
B) inflammation
C) fibrosis
D) metaplasia
E) hyperplasia
B – Inflammation is the immediate protective response.
19) Antiangiogenesis factor is produced by:
A) osteocytes
B) chondrocytes
C) fibroblasts
D) endothelial cells
E) mast cells
B – Chondrocytes secrete factors that inhibit blood vessel growth in cartilage.
17) Gland cells produce:
A) enzymes
B) antibodies
C) secretions
D) hormones only
E) plasma
C – Secretions are the general products of glands.
18) Cells that support, protect, and nourish neurons are called:
A) fibroblasts
B) mast cells
C) neuroglia
D) chondrocytes
E) mesenchymal cells
C – Neuroglia maintain homeostasis and support neurons
- Epithelial tissue primarily functions to:
A. Transport oxygen
B. Contract and create movement
C. Cover surfaces and form glands
D. Conduct electrical impulses
Answer: C
Why: Epithelial tissue covers exposed surfaces, lines passageways, and forms glands.
20) The combination of fibers and ground substance in supporting connective tissues is known as:
A) plasma
B) matrix
C) lamina propria
D) collagen
E) reticular tissue
B – Matrix = fibers + ground substance; it supports and anchors cells.
- Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic tissue types?
A. Epithelial
B. Connective
C. Muscle
D. Nervous
E. Skeletal
Answer: E
Why: The four tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Skeletal is a type of muscle, not a basic tissue category.
- Which characteristic is TRUE of epithelial tissue?
A. Has many blood vessels
B. Cells are loosely packed
C. Regenerates quickly
D. Contains collagen fibers
Answer: C
Why: Epithelial tissue regenerates rapidly and is avascular (no blood vessels).
- The apical surface of epithelial cells:
A. Attaches to connective tissue
B. Faces the basement membrane
C. Faces the lumen or free surface
D. Contains blood vessels
Answer: C
Why: The apical surface faces the lumen or outside of the body.
