Chapter 9

Question 1

Joints are best defined as:
A. Areas where muscles attach
B. Points where two bones meet
C. Sites of blood cell production
D. Areas of cartilage only

Answer 1

Answer: B
Joints (articulations) are where two bones meet.

Question 2

Joint structure determines:
A. Blood flow
B. Muscle strength
C. Joint function
D. Bone density

Answer 2

Answer: C
The structure of a joint directly determines how it functions.

Question 3

Which type of joint is immovable?
A. Diarthrosis
B. Amphiarthrosis
C. Synarthrosis
D. Synovial

Answer 3

Answer: C
Synarthroses are immovable joints.

Question 4

Which joint type allows free movement?
A. Synarthrosis
B. Amphiarthrosis
C. Diarthrosis
D. Gomphosis

Answer 4

Answer: C
Diarthroses (synovial joints) are freely movable.

Question 5

A gomphosis joint is found:
A. In the skull
B. Between vertebrae
C. Between teeth and sockets
D. In the knee

Answer 5

Answer: C
Gomphosis anchors teeth in their sockets.

Question 6

Synchondrosis joints are connected by:
A. Ligaments
B. Fibrocartilage
C. Hyaline cartilage
D. Bone

Answer 6

Answer: C
Synchondroses use hyaline cartilage.

Question 7

What is a synostosis?
A. Cartilage joint
B. Ligament connection
C. Bone fusion
D. Fluid-filled joint

Answer 7

Answer: C
Synostosis occurs when two bones fuse.

Question 8

Amphiarthroses are:
A. Immovable
B. Slightly movable
C. Freely movable
D. Only in skull

Answer 8

Answer: B
They allow limited movement.

Question 9

A symphysis joint is connected by:
A. Hyaline cartilage
B. Fibrous tissue
C. Fibrocartilage
D. Synovial fluid

Answer 9

Answer: C
Nigga Symphyses use fibrocartilage.

Question 10

Synovial joints are characterized by:
A. No movement
B. Joint cavity
C. Bone fusion
D. No cartilage

Answer 10

Answer: B
They contain a fluid-filled joint cavity.

Question 11

Synovial fluid functions include:
A. Oxygen transport
B. Lubrication
C. Hormone production
D. Bone formation

Answer 11

Answer: B
It lubricates and reduces friction.

Question 12

Articular cartilage:
A. Produces blood
B. Prevents bone contact
C. Stores calcium
D. Connects muscles

Answer 12

Answer: B
It prevents bones from rubbing directly.

Question 13

Cartilage receives nutrients from:
A. Blood vessels
B. Nerves
C. Synovial fluid
D. Bone marrow

Answer 13

Answer: C
Cartilage has no blood supply.

Question 14

A sprain involves damage to:
A. Bone
B. Tendon
C. Ligament
D. Cartilage

Answer 14

Answer: C
A sprain is a torn ligament.

Question 15

Bursae function to:
A. Store fat
B. Cushion friction
C. Produce cartilage
D. Attach muscles

Answer 15

Answer: B
They reduce friction between tissues.

Question 16

A meniscus is made of:
A. Bone
B. Hyaline cartilage
C. Fibrocartilage
D. Muscle

Answer 16

Answer: C
Menisci are fibrocartilage pads.

Question 17

Flexion decreases:
A. Muscle size
B. Joint angle
C. Bone density
D. Blood flow

Answer 17

Answer: B
Flexion reduces the angle between bones.

Question 18

Extension does what?
A. Decreases angle
B. Increases angle
C. Rotates bone
D. Slides bone

Answer 18

Answer: B
Extension increases the angle.

Question 19

Abduction means:
A. Toward midline
B. Away from midline
C. Rotation inward
D. Rotation outward

Answer 19

Answer: B
Abduction moves away from the body.

Question 20

Rotation occurs:
A. Around an axis
B. Side to side only
C. Without movement
D. In cartilage

Answer 20

Answer: A
Rotation is movement around a central axis.

Question 21

A hinge joint allows:
A. Rotation only
B. Gliding
C. One plane movement
D. Three planes

Answer 21

Answer: C
Hinge joints are monaxial (one plane).

Question 22

Which joint is triaxial?
A. Pivot
B. Saddle
C. Ball-and-socket
D. Hinge

Answer 22

Answer: C
It has the greatest range of motion.

Question 23

The knee joint is classified as:
A. Pivot
B. Plane
C. Complex hinge
D. Saddle

Answer 23

Answer: C
The knee is a modified hinge joint.

Question 24

A herniated disc occurs when:
A. Bone breaks
B. Ligament tears
C. Nucleus pulposus protrudes
D. Cartilage hardens

Answer 24

Answer: C
The inner core pushes through the outer layer.

Question 25

An immovable joint is a(n): A) synarthrosis B) diarthrosis C) amphiarthrosis D) syndesmosis E) symphysis

Answer 25

Answer: A Synarthroses are joints that do not allow movement.

Question 26

A slightly movable joint is a(n): A) synarthrosis B) diarthrosis C) amphiarthrosis D) gomphosis E) synostosis

Answer 26

Answer: C Amphiarthroses allow limited movement.

Question 27

A freely movable joint is a(n): A) synarthrosis B) diarthrosis C) amphiarthrosis D) syndesmosis E) symphysis

Answer 27

Answer: B Diarthroses are freely movable joints (synovial joints).

Question 28

A suture is an example of a(n): A) synarthrosis B) syndesmosis C) symphysis D) diarthrosis E) amphiarthrosis

Answer 28

Answer: A Sutures are immovable joints found in the skull.

Question 29

An epiphyseal line is an example of a: A) gomphosis B) synchondrosis C) synostosis D) symphysis E) syndesmosis

Answer 29

Answer: C An epiphyseal line forms after bone fusion, making it a synostosis.

Question 30

A synovial joint is an example of a(n): A) synarthrosis B) amphiarthrosis C) diarthrosis D) symphysis E) syndesmosis

Answer 30

Answer: C Synovial joints are classified as diarthroses (freely movable).

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid? A) shock absorption B) increases osmotic pressure within joint C) lubrication D) provides nutrients E) protects articular cartilage

Answer 31

Answer: B Synovial fluid lubricates and nourishes, not regulate osmotic pressure.

Question 32

How many major ligaments stabilize the knee joint? A) 3 B) 5 C) 7 D) 9 E) 11

Answer 32

Answer: C There are seven major ligaments supporting the knee.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid

Answer 33

E Synovial fluid is made by the synovial membrane, not cartilage.

Question 34

Bursae are found in all of the following EXCEPT: A) tendon sheaths B) beneath skin over bone C) areas of friction D) around blood vessels E) near synovial joints

Answer 34

D Bursae reduce friction near joints, not around blood vessels.

Question 35

A movement away from the midline is called: A) inversion B) abduction C) adduction D) flexion E) extension

Answer 35

B Abduction means movement away from the body’s midline.

Question 35

To pinch with the thumb and finger is called: A) rotation B) opposition C) circumduction D) eversion E) retraction

Answer 35

B Opposition allows the thumb to touch the fingers.

Question 36

Turning the sole of the foot inward is called: A) eversion B) protraction C) dorsiflexion D) plantar flexion E) inversion

Answer 36

E Inversion turns the sole inward.

Question 37

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion involve movement of the: A) hand B) arm C) foot D) leg E) hip

Answer 37

C These movements occur at the ankle (foot).

Question 38

The elbow joint is a(n) ________ joint: A) saddle B) gliding C) ellipsoid D) hinge E) pivot

Answer 38

D The elbow allows movement in one plane like a hinge.

Question 39

In a triaxial joint: A) movement occurs in three axes B) movement occurs in two axes C) movement occurs in one axis D) only circumduction occurs E) no movement occurs

Answer 39

A Triaxial joints move in all three planes.

Question 40

Which joint allows the greatest range of motion? A) hip B) shoulder C) elbow D) knee E) wrist

Answer 40

B The shoulder joint has the greatest mobility.

Question 41

Which structure produces synovial fluid? A) Articular cartilage B) Synovial membrane C) Ligament D) Bursa E) Meniscus

Answer 41

Answer: B The synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid.

Question 42

What is the main function of synovial fluid? A) Bone growth B) Muscle contraction C) Lubrication and nutrient distribution D) Oxygen transport E) Hormone production

Answer 42

Answer: C Synovial fluid lubricates the joint and nourishes cartilage.

Question 43

What is the key difference between a sprain and a strain? A) Sprain = muscle, Strain = ligament B) Sprain = ligament, Strain = muscle/tendon C) Both affect bone D) Both affect cartilage E) No difference

Answer 43

Answer: B A sprain injures ligaments, while a strain injures muscles or tendons.

Question 44

Which of the following is an example of a hinge joint? A) Shoulder B) Hip C) Elbow D) Wrist E) Thumb

Answer 44

Answer: C The elbow is a hinge joint that moves in one plane.

Question 45

. Which condition is caused by uric acid crystal buildup in joints? A) Rheumatism B) Osteoarthritis (DJD) C) Gout D) Sprain E) Tendinitis

Answer 45

Answer: C Gout is caused by uric acid crystals in synovial fluid.

Question 46

What is the function of the ACL and PCL? A) Produce synovial fluid B) Attach muscle to bone C) Prevent forward and backward movement of the femur and tibia D) Cushion the joint E) Allow rotation

Answer 46

Answer: C The cruciate ligaments stabilize the knee by limiting movement.

Question 47

Which of the following is a property of synovial joints? A) Immovable B) No joint cavity C) Freely movable D) Fused bones E) No cartilage

Answer 47

Answer: C Synovial joints are freely movable and have a joint cavity.

Question 48

Which movement decreases the angle between two bones? A) Extension B) Flexion C) Abduction D) Rotation E) Circumduction

Answer 48

Answer: B Flexion decreases the angle between bones.

Question 49

Why are hip fractures more common than hip dislocations? A) Hip joint is weak B) Ligaments are loose C) The joint is very stable and strong D) No cartilage present E) No synovial fluid

Answer 49

Answer: C The hip is so stable that bones break before the joint dislocates.

Question 50

How many major ligaments stabilize the knee joint? A) 3 B) 5 C) 7 D) 9 E) 11

Answer 50

Answer: C There are seven major ligaments supporting the knee.

Question 51

A herniated disc is caused by: A) loss of annulus elasticity B) disc slipping C) ossification D) nucleus pulposus protrusion E) cartilage change

Answer 51

D The inner core pushes out and compresses nerves.

Question 52

In the knee, the menisci: A) bind bones B) cushion and stabilize C) replace bursae D) connect patella E) do nothing

Answer 52

B Menisci act as shock absorbers and stabilize the joint.

Question 53

The patellar ligament supports the ________ of the knee: A) back B) inside C) front D) sides E) top

Answer 53

C The patellar ligament stabilizes the front of the knee.