Organization:
Social entities that are goal-directed, are designed as deliberately structured and coordinated activity systems, and are linked to the external environment
By working in a collective, organizations can achieve….
- economies of scale
- economies of scope
Process by which sport organizations achieve goals:
inputs –> transformation –> outputs
Types of sport organizations:
- public
- nonprofit
- commercial
Dealing with sport organization environments includes:
- devising strategies
- using technology
- exerting power
2 organizational environment categories:
- general
- specific (or task)
5 general environment elements:
- the economy
- technology
- politics
- social and cultural forces
- demography
Elements of the specific environment include stakeholders _____ and _____ to the organizations.
- internal
- external
Questions to ask about elements of the specific environment:
- who are the consumers, what are their preferences?
- who are the suppliers?
- who is the competition?
- what role does the government play in the environment?
Effectiveness:
the extent to which it achieves its goals (focus on results)
Efficiency:
the achievement of goals using minimum resources (focus on activities)
Evaluating organizational effectiveness: _____ and ______ approaches
- traditional
- contemporary
4 steps for strategy:
- identify goals
- determine objective(s) (SWOT)
- identify resources required
- establish timeline for implementation
Manifestations of culture:
- stories
- myths
- symbols
- language
- ceremonies
- rites
- physical setting
- artifacts
Organizational structure:
formal system of task and authority relationships that control how people coordinate their actions and use of resources to achieve organizational goals
Specialization:
vertical, horizontal, and spatial complexity
Mintzberg’s design configurations based on interplay of 5 organizational parts:
- top management
- middle management
- technical core
- administrative support staff
- technical support staff
Mintzberg’s proposed designs:
- simple structure
- machine bureaucracy
- professional bureaucracy
- entrepreneurial
- innovative
- missionary
- political
Simple structure: specialization, formalization, centralization:
- specialization: low
- formalization: low
- centralization: high
Machine bureaucracy: specialization, formalization, centralization:
- specialization: high
- formalization: high
- centralization: high
Professional bureaucracy: specialization, formalization, centralization:
- specialization: high
- formalization: high
- centralization: low
Entrepreneurial: specialization, formalization, centralization:
- specialization: low
- formalization: low
- centralization: high
Innovative: specialization, formalization, centralization:
- specialization: high
- formalization: low
- centralization: low
Missionary: specialization, formalization, centralization:
- specialization: low
- formalization: high
- centralization: low
