Chapter 4 - Integumentary System

Question 1

Two layers of the dermis layer

Answer 1

1. Papillary layer

2. Reticular layer

Question 2

Anchors the epidermis and nourishes it

Answer 2

Dermal papillae

Question 3

Three components to the papillary layer

Answer 3

1. Areolar CT
2. Capillaries and neurons
3. Dermal papillae

Question 4

Job of the reticular layer of the dermis

Answer 4

Anchoring layer

Question 5

What does the reticular layer contain in the dermis?

Answer 5

Large vessels, nerves, adipocytes, arrector pili muscle

Question 6

What kind of tissue is in the reticular layer of the dermis?

Answer 6

Dense irregular CT (Collagen and elastic)

Question 7

• In subcutaneous layer

- Network of arteries and veins supplying skin

Answer 7

Cutaneous Plexus

Question 8

• Follows epidermal and dermal boundary

- Helps nourish epidermal layer

Answer 8

Papillary Plexus

Question 9

How do stretch marks form?

Answer 9

• Weight gain causes fibers to stretch; they lose elasticity and break
• decrease in fiber elasticity
• tearing of fibers

Question 10

What is the subcutaneous layer composed of and what are its functions?

Answer 10

• Areolar CT and adipose CT
• Collagen and elastic fibers
• No distinct boundary with dermis
• Major blood vessels and nerves
• Stabilizes skin

Question 11

Where is there no hair?

Answer 11

• Plantar/palmar regions
• Digits
• Eyelids
• Lip

Question 12

Three types of hair and meanings

Answer 12

1. Vellus - peach fuzz
2. Intermediate - arms
3. Terminal - thicker with darker pigment

Question 13

Mostly projects above the surface of the skin

Answer 13

Shaft

Question 14

Penetrates into the dermis

Answer 14

Root

Question 15

Base of the follicle

Answer 15

Bulb

Question 16

Each hair is composed of these three layers (outside to inside)

Answer 16

1. Cuticle
2. Cortex
3. Medulla

Question 17

Surrounds the root of a hair

- Has many sheaths and layers

Answer 17

Hair follicle

Question 18

Hair is composed of _________________ epidermal cells

Answer 18

Dead, keratinized

Question 19

Functions of hair

Answer 19

1. Protection
2. Reduction of heat loss
3. Sensing light touch

Question 20

• Sensory nerves surrounding follicle

- Detect hair movement

Answer 20

Root hair plexus

Question 21

• Smooth muscles
• Moves hair
• Goose bumps

Answer 21

Arrector Pili

Question 22

Three stages to hair growth

Answer 22

1. Anagen stage
2. Catagen stage
3. Telogen stage

Question 23

• Lasts from 2-6 years depending on the body part

- Matrix cells at base of hair root producing length

Answer 23

Anagen stage

Question 24

• Lasts up to two weeks

- Matrix cells inactive and follicle atrophies

Answer 24

Catagen stage

Question 25

- Hair follicale remains dormant | - Hair is eventually pushed out by new hair as cycle renews

Answer 25

Telogen stage

Question 26

Brown black hair contains ____ amounts of eumelanin

Answer 26

Large

Question 27

Blonde hair results from ____ amounts of eumelanin

Answer 27

Little

Question 28

Red hair has ____ pheomelanin

Answer 28

High relative

Question 29

Gray hair is a result of a _______

Answer 29

Decline in all melanin production

Question 30

Specialized exocrine glands found in the dermis and the meanings

Answer 30

1. Sebaceous (oil) glands 2. Sudoriferous (sweat) glands 3. Ceruminous (wax) glands 4. Mammary (milk) glands

Question 31

Sebaceous glands secrete _____by holocrine secretion

Answer 31

Sebum (oil)

Question 32

What is the point of sebum?

Answer 32

It decreases evaporation and decreases bacterial growth

Question 33

Two types of sebaceous glands

Answer 33

1. With hair - sebum released into follicle | 2. Not with hair - sebum secreted onto epidermis

Question 34

- Sweat glands - Coiled tubular gland - Sweat released by merocrine secretion - Under neural control

Answer 34

Sudoriferous

Question 35

Two types of sudoriferous glands

Answer 35

1. Apocrine | 2. Eccrine

Question 36

- On most body surfaces; greatest on palm | - Not associated with hair follicle

Answer 36

Eccrine sweat glands

Question 37

The watery secretion eccrine sweat glands produce

Answer 37

Sensible perspiration

Question 38

What is sensible perspiration made out of?

Answer 38

- Water NaCl, urea

Question 39

What is the function of eccrine sweat glands?

Answer 39

Cooling, protection, excretion

Question 40

- Associated with hair follicle - Located in axillae and groin - Produces viscous secretion starting at puberty

Answer 40

Apocrine sweat glands

Question 41

Functions of apocrine sweat glands

Answer 41

- Reduce friction - Cooling - Secrete pheremones

Question 42

Two modified apocrine sweat glands

Answer 42

1. Mammary | 2. Ceruminous

Question 43

(lactiferous) for milk production | - Gland

Answer 43

Mammary

Question 44

- Glands - In external ear - Secretion mixes with sebum to create ear wax

Answer 44

Ceruminous

Question 45

Keratinized plate like structure of the nail

Answer 45

Nail body

Question 46

Surface of skin that covers nail body

Answer 46

Nail bed

Question 47

Source of nail production

Answer 47

Nail root

Question 48

Whitish, half-moon region at base of nail plate

Answer 48

Lunula

Question 49

___ and ____ caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation or chemicals

Answer 49

Tissue damage and cell death

Question 50

Associated dangers from burns

Answer 50

1. Dehydration 2. Electrolyte imbalance 3. Circulatory shock

Question 51

- Burn | - Skin red and swollen; only epidermis damaged

Answer 51

First degree burn

Question 52

- Burn | - Skin red with blisters; epidermis and upper dermis damaged

Answer 52

Second degree

Question 53

- Burn | - Gray-white or black; destroys entire layer

Answer 53

Third degree

Question 54

Burns are considered critical if what?

Answer 54

- Over 25% of body has 2nd degree | - Over 10% of body has 3rd degree

Question 55

Characteristic changes of the effects of aging?

Answer 55

1. Less hair 2. Reduced blood supply 3. Dermis tends to be thin 4. Drying of epidermis 5. Fewer melanocytes