Chapter 4: Normal Speech Errors and How they Happen: Saying Words and Sounds in the Right Order

Question 1

Cascade Model of Processing

Answer 1

-lemma’s don’t patiently wait to be called up
-when activation for any step of processing a particular concept, event, or lemma reaches threshold, it starts to send activation to the next step, regardless of whether other items at the same level are ready to go

Question 2

Buffer

Answer 2

-functional and positional buffer
-an item that is activated before it can be used in putting the sentence together

Question 3

Positional Level

Answer 3

-syntax, phonological encoding, function words

Question 4

Slots and Fillers

Answer 4

-positional level has a slot for each word
-a slot for where each lemma is supposed to send the phonological form that it activates
-getting event structures into sets of slots and getting the lemmas to put their word forms into those slots in where syntax takes over from semantics

Question 5

Subject Slot

Answer 5

-created by the verb lemma
-first noun phrase slot in sentence

Question 6

Goal Slots

Answer 6

-also created by verb lemma

Question 7

Formulas and Cliche’s

Answer 7

-prefabricated units save constructions costs in assembling sentences
-gonna, wanna, proverbs, cliches
-roll off tongue

Question 8

Affix Errors

Answer 8

-suffixes get detached from their stems and left behind

Question 9

Standing Grammatical Morphemes that aren’t Affixes

Answer 9

-not all errors involve the kinds of morphemes that can be neatly detached
-sometimes the forms of the endings themselves stay, but what doesn’t;t move is the information about which tense or other from of the word should be chose

Question 10

Phonological Encoding Level

Answer 10

-Part of positional level
-the level at which all the word sounds for all of the morphemes, including affixes, have been activated in the lexicon
-encode those meanings in sounds

Question 11

Ordered Strings of Phonemes

Answer 11

-The order of sounds in words is a crucial part of the information needed to produce speech

Question 12

Speech Gesture Level

Answer 12

-coordinating articulatory movement for speech sounds/words
-coarticulation
-lined up phonemes arouse the sets of neural instructions that go to the muscles needed to produce the ariculatory gestures

Question 13

Self Monitoring

Answer 13

-Awareness to stop errors before they get to speech gesture level
-people w/aphasia struggle w/this and are making multiple source errors