Chapter 41-45

Question 1

Acute Nephritis

Answer 1

Glomerular injury

HTN
Haematuria
Oedema
Proteinuria

AKI:
Oliguria
High urea
High creatinine

Question 2

Hypertension in Nephritis

Answer 2

Due to salt and water retention
Response well to Furosemide

Question 3

All Haematuria

Answer 3

Urine dip
Check protein
BP check
Renal ultrasound

Question 4

Post infectious nephritis

Answer 4

1-2 weeks post infection
Group A Strep most common

ASOT often raised

Question 5

Goodpasture’s Syndrome

Answer 5

Pulmonary- renal syndrome

Nephritis + Pulmonary haemorrhage

Autoimmune immune complex disease

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies (anti-GBM)

Question 6

Benzodiazepines

Answer 6

GABA receptor agonist

Question 7

Ethosuximide

Answer 7

CCB

Question 8

Vigabactrin

Answer 8

GABA transaminase inhibitor

Question 9

Phenobarbitone

Answer 9

GABA

Question 10

Phenytoin

Answer 10

Voltage gated Na channel

Question 11

Carbamazepine

Answer 11

Voltage gated Na channel

Question 12

Levetiracetam

Answer 12

SVA2 binder

Question 13

Lamotrigine

Answer 13

Voltage gated Na channel

Question 14

Ketogenic diet

Answer 14

Use Long chain triglycerides as main source

Fatty acids converted to ketone bodies in Liver
Can cross BBB

Question 15

Types of epilepsy where ketogenic diet works best

Answer 15

Lennox-Gastaut
Dravet syndrome

Question 16

Acceptable range Ketones

Answer 16

4-6

Can tolerate lower glucose >2.5

Ketones >6 too high

Question 17

Unwell children on ketogenic diet

Answer 17

Check ketones
Use 0.9% NaCl

To abort ketosis give carbs

Question 18

Vitamin D3 found in

Answer 18

Oily fish

Question 19

Calcium sources

Answer 19

Dairy products
Soy beans
Nuts,
Broccoli
Seaweed

Needs Vitamin D to be absorbed

Question 20

Iron rich foods

Answer 20

Meat
Fortified cereals
Dried peas and beans

Essential for haemopoesis
High risk when drinking only cow’s milk

Question 21

Zinc

Answer 21

Nuts
Seeds
Lentils
Fortified cereals

Skin breakdown and diarrhoea
Vegan diets normally good

Question 22

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

Answer 22

Eggs, meat, fish
Fortified margarines
Low in vegan diets

Question 23

B12 function

Answer 23

Neurodevelopment
Myelination
Fatty acid synthensis
Haemopoesis

Question 24

B12 deficiency labs

Answer 24

Megaloblastic anaemia
Pancytopenia

Question 25

IgE Mediated cow's milk protein allergy

Answer 25

Extensively hydrolysed formula

Question 26

Sources of protein in human milk

Answer 26

Caesin and Whey

Question 27

Colostrum

Answer 27

Mostly Whey Alpha-lactalbumin and Beta-lactoglobulin

Question 28

Carbohydrate source in human milk

Answer 28

Lactose

Question 29

Nucleotides

Answer 29

Synthesised from amino acids to form DNA and RNA Colostrum has high concentration