Chapter 4c - Cytogenetics

Question 1

Changes in Chromosomes

Answer 1

1. Aneuploidy
2. Euploidy

Question 2

addition or substruction of one or more chromosomes

Answer 2

aneuploidy

Question 3

Two types of aneuploidy

Answer 3

1. Hyperploidy
2. Hypoploidy

Question 4

gain of chromosomes

Answer 4

Hyperploidy

Question 5

loss of chromosomes

Answer 5

Hypoploidy

Question 6

Types of Hyperploidy

Answer 6

1. trisomy
2. double trisomy
3. tetrasomy

Question 7

trisomy

Answer 7

2n + 1

Question 8

double trisomy

Answer 8

2n + 1 + 1

Question 9

tetrasomy

Answer 9

2n + 2

Question 10

Types of hypoploidy

Answer 10

1. monosomy
2. double monosomy
3. nullisomy

Question 11

monosomy

Answer 11

2n-1

Question 12

double monosomy

Answer 12

2n -1 -1

Question 13

nullisomy

Answer 13

2n -2

Question 14

trisomy 21

Answer 14

Down syndrome

Question 15

trisomy 18

Answer 15

Edwards syndrome

Question 16

XXY

Answer 16

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

Question 17

trisomy 13

Answer 17

Patau Syndrome

Question 18

Effects of Nullisomics

Answer 18

1. dwarf
2. less tillering
3. female fertile
4. male fertile
5. awnless

Question 19

Origin of Aneuploids

Answer 19

1. loss of chromosomes
2. non-disjunction of chromosomes and chromatids
3. irregulariteis in chromosome distribution
4. formation of multiple spindles

Question 20

exam of a single cell type, as often found in fluid specimens

Answer 20

Cytology

Question 21

chromosome mutation resulting in a change in the whole genome

Answer 21

euploidy

Question 22

Types of Euploidy

Answer 22

1. monoploidy
2. polyploidy

Question 23

only one copy of genome due to early separation of chromatids

Answer 23

monoploidy (X)

Question 24

detection of monoploidy

Answer 24

1. morphological
2. cytological
3. highly sterile

Question 25

with more than two sets of genome

Answer 25

polyploidy

Question 26

Detection in polyploidy

Answer 26

1. change in morphology 2. change in fertility 3. change in interspecific crossability

Question 27

Types of polyploidy

Answer 27

1. Allopolyploidy 2. Autopolyploidy

Question 28

having two or more complete sets of chromosomes derived from different species - AABB

Answer 28

allopolyploidy

Question 29

Ex. of allopolyploidy

Answer 29

1. _Raphanobrassica_ 2. The case of wheat

Question 30

occurs when organisms have more than two sets of chromosomes from the same species

Answer 30

Autopolyploidy

Question 31

origins of autoploids

Answer 31

1. arise spontaneously - nondisjunction in mitosis/meiosis - restitution nucleus 2. unreduced gametes 3. can be induced