Chapter 5b - Notes

Question 1

very important for initial binding of RNA pol

Answer 1

σ factor sigma

Question 2

turn transcription off

Answer 2

silencer

Question 3

Series of Events of Signal towards RNA polymerase (transcription on)

Answer 3

• Enhancer
• Activator
• Coactivator
• Basal Factors
• RNA Polymerase

Question 4

Series of Events of Signal towards RNA polymerase (transcription off)

Answer 4

• Repressor
• Silencer
• Activator
• Coactivator
• Basal Factors
• RNA Polymerase

Question 5

Eukaryotic Promoter site

Answer 5

• -25 TATA box (Goldberg–Hogness box)

Question 6

What dissociates after RNA polymerase successfully binds to DNA strand

Answer 6

σ factor sigma

Question 7

• sequence of RNA in bacteria upstream of the terminator region which serves as a binding site for the protein known as rho factor
• This sequence is necessary in rho-dependent termination of DNA transcription in bacteria

Answer 7

Rut- Rho utilization

Question 8

Initiation Factors of Transcription in Eukaryotes

Answer 8

1. TBP
   2.TF2D, TF2A, TF2B
2. TF2E, TF2H, TF2F
3. RNA Pol.

Question 9

cut mRNA during transcription

Answer 9

CPF

Question 10

how many poly As are added during tailing

Answer 10

100-200 residues

Question 11

section of a DNA or RNA molecule that codes for a specific polypeptide in protein synthesis

Answer 11

cistron

Question 12

mRNA that encodes several proteins and is characteristic of many bacterial and chloroplast mRNAs

Answer 12

Polycistronic mRNA

Question 13

highly conserved sequence in the tRNA

Answer 13

CCA

Question 14

Structure of tRNA

Answer 14

1. Acceptor stem
2. D-arm
3. anticodon
4. Anticodon arm
5. Variable arm
6. T-arm
7. Discriminator base

Question 15

• The end of a tRNA molecule to which an amino acid becomes bound
• It contains both the 5’ and 3’ ends of the tRNA

Answer 15

acceptor stem

Question 16

• recognition process is the primary purpose
• serves as a recognition site for the enzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.

Answer 16

D arm

Question 17

three-nucleotide sequence found on tRNA that binds to the corresponding mRNA sequence

Answer 17

anticodon

Question 18

site of the anticodon, which is complementary to the mRNA codon and determines which amino acids are carried

Answer 18

anticodon arm

Question 19

helps in stabilizing tRNA

Answer 19

variable arm

Question 20

specialized region on the tRNA molecule which acts as a special recognition site for the ribosome to form a tRNA-ribosome complex during protein biosynthesis or translation

Answer 20

T-arm

Question 21

natural purine nucleoside that commonly occurs in transfer RNAs in humans

Answer 21

Inosine

Question 22

ribonucleoprotein particle essential for the targeting of signal peptide-bearing proteins to the prokaryotic plasma membrane or the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum membrane for secretion or membrane insertion.

Answer 22

signal recognition particle (SRP)