Chapter 5

Question 1

What was the Olive Branch Petition?

Answer 1

• Written by John Dickinson
• Up until this point, the British colonists didn’t blame the king
• Final plea from the Second Continental Congress that asked the King to address grievances and repeal laws
• Rejected by the King

Question 2

What was Common Sense? What did it promote?

Answer 2

• Written by Thomas Paine
• Just because British were useful before does not mean they will benefit America in the future
• Encouraged trade outside of Britain
• Said colonists needed to cut tie with British monarchy completely

Question 3

What was the Declaration of Independence?

Answer 3

• Written mostly by Thomas Jefferson
• Took inspiration from John Locke
• Declared colonies independent from Britain
• Justified rebellion based on natural rights and government by consent

Question 4

What was Bunker Hill?

Answer 4

• British troops made head on attacks against the American fortifications
• British won
• British had severe casualties and proved that colonists could stand against the British

Question 5

What was the continental army? What were some of its problems?

Answer 5

• Led by George Washington
• Faced shortages, poor training, and morale issues

Question 6

What was Valley Forge?

Answer 6

Pennsylvanian farmers were selling food for high prices so as to not help the army

Question 7

What was the Culper Spy Ring?

Answer 7

• An American intelligence network that acted as spies for George Washington’s army
• Used invisible ink to write messages
• Was important in ambushing the French Army in Rhode Island

Question 8

What did camp followers do?

Answer 8

• Women that would follow and provide support for the army.
• Some women would even dress themselves up as men
• Helped clean and cook for the army

Question 9

Who was Molly Pitcher?

Answer 9

Carried water for the soldiers and took her husband’s place in the army

Question 10

How did women help during the war?

Answer 10

• Women were in charge of farms and businesses while men fought
• Led protests against price increases, rioted, or looted food
• Attacked British troops when possible or were spies

Question 11

What were some opinions of Abigail Adams?

Answer 11

told Adams to recognize ladies and be more generous to them

Question 12

What were some opinions of Eliza Wilkinson?

Answer 12

• insisted on ending restrictive customs and laws
• Wanted liberty of thought

Question 13

What was Republican Motherhood?

Answer 13

• Women’s political agenda to teach republican ideals and civic virtue to their sons
• Pushed for further education of women

Question 14

What were loyalists? What groups of people were Loyalists consisted of?

Answer 14

• American colonists who remained loyal to the British during the war.
• Composed of wealthy elites who worried that they would lose their economic interests and property without British rule
• African Americans and some Native Americans

Question 15

Who was Benedict Arnold?

Answer 15

• American general who served as a hero in Saratoga
• Betrayed America and secretly planned to surrender the American fort at West Point to British
• He was caught and ended up hiding on the British side

Question 16

Why did Benedict Arnold betray the American army?

Answer 16

• He felt undervalued
• He did not get promoted
• He felt America was going to lose

Question 17

What was the Battle of Long Island/Brooklyn?

Answer 17

• Washington had to defend New York
• General William Howe attacked with a massive force of 32k men that outnumbers Washington’s army
• Americans suffered heavy losses

Question 18

Why was New York so important?

Answer 18

• Trade
• Communication

Question 19

What was Washington’s strategic retreat?

Answer 19

Washington organized a nighttime evacuation across the East River, saving the army