Chapter 5 (part 2)

Question 1

Family of Lipids

Answer 1

• triglycerides
• phospholipids
• sterols

Question 2

Composition of phospholipids

Answer 2

• 1 glycerol
• 2 fatty acids
• 1 phosphate molecule

(choline)

Question 3

The best known phospholipid

Answer 3

lecithin

Question 4

Points on Lecithin

Answer 4

Fa part makes phospholipids soluble in fat

phosphate group/glycerol group allows phospholipids to dissolve in water

-Phospholipids can be used as emulsifiers in foods (mayos , candy bars)

Question 5

Emulsifier

Answer 5

-substance with both water soluble and fat soluble portions that promote mixing of oils and fats in watery solutions

Question 6

Phospholipids in food

Answer 6

• eggs
• liver
• soybeans
• wheat germ
• peanuts

Question 7

Points on phospholipid functions

Answer 7

• constituents of cell membranes
• help fat soluble substances
• emulsifiers-keep fats suspended in blood/body fluids

Question 8

What makes lecithin?

Answer 8

the liver

Question 9

most famous multi-ring structure sterol

Answer 9

-cholesterol

Question 10

Where does cholesterol originate from?

Answer 10

• meats
• eggs
• dairy
• poultry
• fish

Question 11

How much cholesterol does liver make?

Answer 11

800-1500 mg/day

Question 12

Plant Sterols

Answer 12

interfere with cholesterol absorption

Question 13

What is good vs bad cholesterol alluding to?

Answer 13

-blood cholesterol levels

Question 14

Role of Sterols

Answer 14

makes bile, sex hormones, cortisol, vitamin D

-components of cell membrane

Question 15

Are hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 15

hydrophobic

Question 16

Are digestive enzymes hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 16

hydrophilic

Question 17

What are triglycerides dismantled into?

Answer 17

• monoglycerides
• fatty acids
• glycerol

Question 18

Where does lipid digestion begin?

Answer 18

-hard fats being to melt @body temp

Question 19

Lipid Digestion: Stomach

Answer 19

• strong muscle contraction propel stomach contents toward pyloric sphincter
• churning grinds solids to finer particles and fat dispersed as small droplets

Question 20

Gastric Lipase

Answer 20

attacks fat droplets

Question 21

Does fat digestion occur in stomach?

Answer 21

little

Question 22

Where does mot fat digestion occur?

Answer 22

small intestine

Question 23

What does Fat trigger the release of?

Answer 23

CCk

which gall bladder releases bile

Question 24

Bile acts as what

Answer 24

emulsifier

Question 25

What is a major fat digesting enzyme?

Answer 25

pancreatic lipase

Question 26

Pancreatic lipase

Answer 26

fats digested as exposed to lipases from pancreas and small intestine

Question 27

What happens to TGs, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Answer 27

TGs - pancreatic lipases remove 1 FA the lave monoglycerides - sometimes all 3 FA are removed Phospholipids -similarly hydrolyzed Sterols absorbed as is

Question 28

Bile has 2 possible routes

Answer 28

- most reabsorbed from small intestine | 2. trapped by dietary soluble fibers in colon

Question 29

What kind of molecules go directly into the bloodstream?

Answer 29

small molecules | -glycerol, short and medium chain fatty acids

Question 30

How are large molecules like monoglycerides and long chain FAs absorbed?

Answer 30

micelles= water soluble (emulsified fat droplets, bile surrounds

Question 31

What happens after micelles diffuse?

Answer 31

monoglycerides and FA reassemble into new TGs

Question 32

Points on Chylomicrons

Answer 32

new TG and other lipids packed with proteins and carried around -Chylomicrons are carried around and released into lymphatic system

Question 33

Lipoprotein

Answer 33

transport vehicles - different size and density - different amounts of lipids and porteins

Question 34

LDL is what

Answer 34

is blood cholesterol linked to heart disease (bad cholesterol)

Question 35

HDL

Answer 35

protective against heart disease | good cholesterol