Chapter 5 Perceptual Development Flashcards

Question

What is the relationship between face perception and autism?

Answer 1

Autism involves differences in how faces are attended to, learned from, and interpreted over development In general see less attention (bias) to faces than other individuals (like infants)

Answer 2

The perception of objects as being of constant size, shape, color, and so on, despite physical differences in the retinal image of the object Relatively stable

Answer 3

Procedures: Infants were repeatedly shown either a large or a small cube at varying distances (habituation) Then tested in two situations The retinal image is the same as habituation, but the distance is different, or the size is different from habituation. They are shown the familiar size of a block, but at a different distance, so a new retinal image. Findings: Infants looked longer at the second cube, indicating that they saw it as a difference in size from the original one. Infants are not learning about retinal image size, but its size in the world- size constancy

Answer 4

Procedures: Habituation - with the drawbridge flapping back and forth Placing the box and showing the infant a: Possible event: the drawbridge (occluder) stops before hitting the box Impossible event: the drawbridge (occluder) goes through the box Findings: Infants as young of 3 months of the age look longer at the impossible event since they had the expectation that the occluder would stop Showing infants have object permanence as young as 3 months of the age (showing competence)

Answer 5

The identification of separate objects in a visual array

Answer 6

The fact that the two segments always moved together in the same direction and at the same speed It is a powerful cue that leads infants to perceive disparate elements moving together as parts of a unitary object

Answer 7

Procedure: Infants were shown a box and a rod, and the rod was moving behind the box Infants use the motion to gather the information that the rod and box are separate They measure how long they look at the image of two pieces of rod and one continuous rod Findings: If movement, then they perceive the rod as a continuous rod (completion) and look longer at the two pieces of the rod as novel

Answer 8

A depth cue in which an object occludes increasingly more of the background, indicating that the object is approaching

Answer 9

Dynamic cues (at birth) Binocular cues (start around 1 month) Pictorial cues (effective 4-6 months)

Answer 10

The difference between the retinal image of an object in each eye that results in two slightly different signals being sent to the brain The closer the object, the greater the disparity between the two images; the farther away the object, the less the disparity The physical signal

Answer 11

The process by which the visual cortex combines the differing neural signals caused by binocular disparity, resulting in the perception of depth Perceptual outcome Experience-expectant plasticity

Answer 12

The perceptual cues of depth that can be perceived by one eye alone Some sensitivity to pictorial/monocular cues appear by 3-4 months, but robust use of monocular depth cues for spatial layout is typically clearer around ~5-7 months and beyond

Answer 13

Interposition/occlusion Retinal & familiar size Linear perspective Texture gradient

Answer 14

Nearer objects tend to block the view of distant objects

Answer 15

Retinal images of nearer objects are larger than those of distant objects

Answer 16

Distant parts of a texture have smaller and more densely packed elements than nearer parts

Answer 17

The two eyes are not aligned Should be corrected if not lose vision in the eye of the eye that is skewed Wear a patch over the eye that is working fine so the one is corrected can work again Shows the idea that there is a sensitive period for this aspect of visual development

Answer 18

Listeners rely on differences in the timing and volume of sounds that arrive at both of their ears. But infants may have more difficulty using this information because their heads are small

Answer 19

The combining of information from two or more senses is present from very early in life

Answer 20

The two computer screens display different films, one of which is coordinated with a soundtrack How and when infants are integrating They like to look whatever information they are getting to the modularity 4 month old infants match speech sounds to mouth shapes Prefer to see mouth shapes that match the speech sounds They match the emotion to the emotion in the vocalization 5 month old infants but not 3 month old infants match vocalizations with faces based on emotion 3-4 months olds looked longer at the pacifier that matched the one they had previously sucked

Answer 21

Perception of the localization in space of a sound source, the ability to detect where a sound is coming from

Answer 22

When the person is saying Ga but we hear ba so we assume that the sound being made is da Integrate information from the visual modality (looking at the person's mouth) when listening to speech Something automatic, and we are just drawn too which is why the intermodal perception paradigm works on children

Chapter 5 Perceptual Development Flashcards

(46 cards)