Chapter 5 review

Question 1

What are fats constructed from?

Answer 1

a glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 2

What makes a fatty acid?

Answer 2

a carboxyl group (-COOH) at the end of a hydrocarbon chain

Question 3

What is a glycerol made of?

Answer 3

3 carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl on each carbon

Question 4

How do fatty acids connect to glycerol?

Answer 4

by one attaching to each of the hydroxyls on the glycerol, forming ester linkages (C-O-C=O)

Question 5

What are triglycerides?

Answer 5

the main storage molecule for fatty acids and energy source for ATP

Question 6

What is the difference between fatty acid tails that make them either solid or liquid at room temperature?

Answer 6

Unsaturated fatty acid tails have double bonds on the carbon chains, where saturated does not.

Question 7

What does PUFA stand for?

Answer 7

PolyUnsaturated Fatty Acids multiple C=C named counting in from omega carbon to name. ex. omega 6

Question 8

What is the difference between cis configuration and trans configuration for unsaturated fatty acid tails?

Answer 8

cis is natural, has C=C’s Hs on the same side. Creates V like shape

trans is unnatural, has C=C’s Hs on different sides, creates S or Z looking shape

Question 9

What makes a Phospholipid?

Answer 9

2 FA tails
hydrophilic, phosphate group head
(they are attached by the glycerol)

Question 10

What is the difference between a phospholipid and a triglycerol

Answer 10

to get a phospholipid we lose one of the 3 FA tails and replace it with a polar phosphate group (head)

Tri is all hydrophobic, forms a blob/droplet of fat.

Phos is amphipathic, and forms sealed lipid bilayers

Question 11

What makes a steroid?

Answer 11

Carbon skeleton of 4 fused rings
- 3 cyclohexane
- 1 cyclopentane

Question 12

Do steroids pass through phospholipid bilayers? Why or why not?

Answer 12

yes, because they are made of mostly hydrocarbons

Question 13

What are hormones composed of?

Answer 13

steroids