Chapter 6 review

Question 1

What bonds make the protein chain, and what ones affect the 3D structure?

Answer 1

Covalent makes chain, non-covalent bonds affect 3D structure

Question 2

What are the four levels of protein structure?

Answer 2

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary

Question 3

What is primary structure?

Answer 3

the long chain of amino acids (order determined by DNA)

Question 4

What is secondary structure

Answer 4

the alpha helix or the beta pleated sheets, makes the polypeptide, made with hydrogen bonds

Question 5

What is the difference between the bonds in the alpha helix and the beta pleated sheets

Answer 5

alpha is interstrand
beta is intrastrand

Question 6

What is tertiary structure?

Answer 6

a combo of alpha and beta in an overall, 3D shape of polypeptide

Question 7

How does the tertiary structure fold together?

Answer 7

Interactions between various R-groups

Question 8

What kinds of bonds make up tertiary?

Answer 8

non-covalent bonds (tho some disulphide bridges)

Question 9

What is quaternary structure?

Answer 9

a combo of multiple tertiary structures to form a functional protein (it is a macromolecule)

Question 10

how is quaternary structure associated?

Answer 10

non covalent bonds and sometimes di-sulfide bridges

Question 11

what is a monomeric protein?

Answer 11

a functional protein of 1 polypeptide chain

Question 12

What is a homodimer?

Answer 12

two identical polypeptide chains making up a protein

Question 13

What is a homotrimer?

Answer 13

3 identical polypeptide chains making up a protein

Question 14

What is a heterotetramer?

Answer 14

4 polypeptides making up a protein (2 alpha and 2 beta molecules)

Question 15

How many Amino acids are there and how can they be categorized?

Answer 15

20 into:
- polar (hydroxyl and NH2+=O)
- nonpolar (Hydrocarbons)
- acidic (O=C-O- ionized)
- basic (NH3+ ionized)

Question 16

what makes amino acids different from one another?

Answer 16

their side chains (R-group)

Question 17

what are the 3 components of an amino acid?

Answer 17

amino group, carboxyl group and side chain (R-group)

Question 18

What causes de-naturing of a structure?

Answer 18

changes in environment (pH, etc.), causing the molecule to become biologically inactive

Question 19

What is renaturation?

Answer 19

When a molecule fixes itself after being denatured, when conditions are back to normal