monosaccharide
1 sugar; monomer; glucose
disaccharides
2 sugars; dimer; sucrose
oligosaccharide
3+ sugars
polysaccharides
100’s of sugars; polymer; structural role; starch
how are monosaccharides bonded together
glycosidic linkages
what causes glycosidic linkages to break
hydrolysis reaction
What are alpha linkages
“Under table”; under sugar ring; hydroxyl group
What is a beta linkage
“On top of table”; above sugar ring; hydroxyl group
Function of carbs
- energy
- recognition and identity
- structure
What is starch and where is it found
Found in plants; helix structure
What is the main function of starch
Energy reserves in plants
What is the structure of starch
Branched every 30 monomers
What are the 2 types of starch
- Amylase(unbranched)
- Amylopectin(branched)
What carbs do animals have
Glycogen
What is the function and structure of glycogen
Function: energy storage (storage polysaccharide)
Structure: highly branched every 1/10 monomer
What carb do fungi have
Chitin
What is function of chitin
Structural polymer for cell walls
What is the structure of chitin
- B glycosidic linkages
- linear (every other monomer)
- hydrogen bonds
What other carb can be found in plants
Cellulose
What is the structure and function of cellulose
Structure: B linkages- harder to break
Function: structure support in cell wall and polymer of glucose
How do you number glucose
Move clockwise after finding oxygen
Glycoproteins
Carbs attached to proteins
Glycolipids
Carbs attached to lipids
