Chapter 5B

Question 1

3 main areas of the brain involved in long term explicit memory

Answer 1

• hippocampus
• amygdala
• neocortex

Question 2

the hippocampus where is it and what is it

Answer 2

• Middle of the temporal lobe,
• One per hemisphere
• Has many connections with the neocortex and
  amygdala (emotional memories)

Question 3

role of the hippocampus

Answer 3

• The hippocampus is involved in the consolidation, encoding, and aiding the retrieval of explicit episodic and semantic memories, however it does not store explicit memories itself.
• Through its interactions with the amygdala, the hippocampus plays an important role in the
  formation of emotionally arousing memories. In particular, the hippocampus consolidates the
  explicit aspects (i.e. the when and where and who) of the emotionally arousing event.
• The hippocampus is important for spatial memory, which aids our navigation of our environ-
  ment.
• the type of long term memory that is encoded by the hippocampus is explicit

Question 4

the amygdala where is it what is it

Answer 4

• Small structure around the middle of temporal lobe
• One per hemisphere
• Interconnected with hippocampus and other brain
  regions

Question 5

role of the amygdala

Answer 5

• The amygdala, has a role in processing, regulating, and retrieving emotional aspects of memories, particularly fear and anger. It also has a vital role
  in forming classically conditioned emotional responses. However, it does not permanently
  store emotional memories.
• long term explicit memory

Question 6

neocortex where is it what is it

Answer 6

• Thin outer layer of the cerebral cortex
• 2 hemispheres (left and right)
• 4 lobes (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal)
• Connected to almost every other part of the brain

Question 7

role of the neocortex

Answer 7

• The neocortex is the largest part of the cerebral cortex, and hence is involved in long-term
  storage of explicit episodic and semantic memories as well as in coordinating the retrieval
  of aspects of explicit memories.
• Explicit aspects that are encoded in the hippocampus are eventually transferred to the neocortex for storage. It is said that information is stored where it is first processed. For example,
  visual information is most likely to be stored in the occipital lobe, where it would have been
  processed. Similarly, auditory information would be stored in the temporal lobe, and other
  sensory information in the parietal lobe
• long term explicit memory

Question 8

2 main areas of the brain involved in long term implicit memory

Answer 8

• cerebellum
• basal ganglia

Question 9

the cerebellum where is it and what is it

Answer 9

• At the base of the brain
• Has multiple roles - coordinates fine muscle
  movements, regulates posture and balance, and
  assists with various perceptual and cognitive
  processes.

Question 10

role of the cerebellum

Answer 10

The cerebellum is directly involved in encoding and the temporary storage of implicit procedural
memories for motor skills and classically conditioned responses It also plays a
role in coordinating movement and fine motor skills.
The cerebellum also permanentlv stores simple classicallv conditioned motor skills such as
blinking in response to a puff of air.
- long term implicit memory

Question 11

the basal ganglia where is it and what is it

Answer 11

• In the middle of the brain, one per side
• Interconnected with the cerebellum
• Involved in motor learning, executive functions and
  behaviors, habits and emotions

Question 12

role of the basal ganglia

Answer 12

The basal ganglia has a role in cognition, regulating movement, and implicit memory procedural memories, particularly
memories related to building habits and motor memories.
- long term implicit memory
an example would be knowing how to ride a bike