What is consolidation?
The process by which memories become stable in the brain, making them less fragile and more resistant to disruption.
What factors affect consolidation?
Recalling or thinking about a memory, talking about it, and sleep.
What is reconsolidation?
When recalled memories become vulnerable again and must be re-stabilized (re-consolidated).
What is one therapeutic use of reconsolidation?
Reducing traumatic memories by disrupting their reconsolidation.
What did the Iyadurai et al. (2018) study show?
Playing Tetris shortly after trauma can disrupt consolidation of sensory aspects of traumatic memories, reducing intrusive memories.
What is long-term potentiation (LTP)?
The strengthening of synaptic connections through repeated communication between neurons.
What is the neurological basis of long-term memory?
Strengthened connections between neurons through LTP.
What are retrieval cues?
External information linked to stored information that helps bring it to mind.
What is the encoding specificity principle?
A cue is effective if it recreates how information was originally encoded.
What is state-dependent retrieval?
Better recall when your internal state at retrieval matches your state at encoding.
What is transfer-appropriate processing?
Memory transfers best when encoding and retrieval contexts match.
What is context reinstatement (Cognitive Interview)?
Mentally reconstructing the setting and feelings of an event to aid recall.
How can retrieval affect memory?
It can improve, impair, or change subsequent memory.
What is retrieval-induced forgetting?
Retrieving one item impairs recall of related (competing) items.
How can retrieval change memory?
Reactivation of memories can cause mixing of old and new information (false memories).
Why should eyewitness interviews be conducted carefully?
Early or suggestive questioning can alter or impair later recall.
What brain region is active during successful recall?
The hippocampus and sensory areas related to the original experience.
What brain region is active during failed recall attempts?
The frontal lobe.
What are the two main types of long-term memory?
Explicit and implicit memory.
What is implicit memory?
Memory without conscious recall (e.g., skills, priming).
What is procedural memory?
Gradual skill acquisition through practice (“knowing how”).
What is priming?
Enhanced ability to recall a stimulus after prior exposure.
What are the two types of priming?
Perceptual (sensory features) and conceptual (meaning-based).
What is semantic memory?
General knowledge and facts about the world (mental database).
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Chapter 1111
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Chapter 278
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Chapter 3 pt.158
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Chapter 3 pt.240
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Chapter 3 pt.345
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Chapter 3. Pt.417
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Chapter 4, pt.144
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Chapter 4, pt.240
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Chapter 4, pt.340
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Chapter 5, pt.153
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Chapter 5, Pt.277
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Chapter 6, pt.140
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Chapter 6, pt.237
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Chapter 7, pt.142
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Chapter 7, pt.254
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Ch.9 Pt.142
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Ch.9 Pt.254
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Ch.9 - tying loose ends46
