1
Q
List the two functions of the skeletal system and the sub functions under each
A
Physical - Structural support - Protection - Leverage (movement) Metabolic - storage of calcium, phosphate and lipids - Blood cell production
2
Q
Name 4 tissue types in bone
A
- Reticular connective tissue with blood (red bone marrow)
- adipose connective tissue (yellow bone marrow)
- Compact bone/Osseous tissue
- Spongy bone
3
Q
List 3 types of bone cells
A
- Osteocytes
- osteoblasts
- osteoclasts
4
Q
Function of Osteocytes
A
Adult/fully developed bones cells
- keep up compact bone by recycling calcium salts and assisting in repair
5
Q
function of osteoblasts
A
baby bone cells (haven’t differentiated yet.)
- build more bone
6
Q
Function of Osteoclasts
A
- huge cells that break down bone
- cut up bony matrix
7
Q
Name 4 different bone shapes/types
A
- long bones
- short bones
- flat bones
- irregular bones
8
Q
Long bones description and example
A
longer than they are wide. They have a long shaft and have two circular knobs at each end.
Ex: Femur and humerus
9
Q
Short bones description and example
A
have roughly equal dimensions
Ex: Carpal and Tarsal bones
10
Q
Flat bones description and example
A
thin and broad and are roughly cubes
Ex: Ribs and scapulae
11
Q
Irregular bones description and example
A
have weird shapes that don’t fit into one of the other categories
Ex: vertebrae and many skull bones
12
Q
Axial skeleton
A
head, neck, and trunk
13
Q
appendicular skeleton
A
the four limbs plus the shoulder bones and pelvic girdle
14
Q
parts of a long bone (2)
A
Epiphysis: Big knobs at the end of the bone. Have spongy bone in them
diaphysis: The shaft of the bone. Contains the bone marrow cavity
15
Q
Name two types of bone development
A
- Intramembranous ossification
- endochondral ossification
16
Q
Intramembranous ossification process
A
- Osteoblasts differentiate from embryonic or fetal fibrous connective tissue when the matrix starts to calcify.
- Osteoblasts then build bone from ossification centers, and as the bone grows outward bone and osteocytes are formed.
- Blood vessels grow into the area to support the osteoblasts and get trapped in the bone.
- This method is how the flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and the clavicles form.
17
Q
Ossification
A
Changing other tissues into bone
18
Q
the skeleton starts out as what kind of cartilage?
A
Hyaline cartilage
19
Q
endochondral ossification process
A
REVIEW THIS!!!
20
Q
four regions of the skull
A
- frontal
- parietal (2 bones)
- temporal (2 bones)
- occipital
21
Q
Zygomatic bones
A
Cheek bones
22
Q
Nasal bone
A
Bridge of your nose
23
Q
Maxilla
A
2 bones that make up your upper jaw
24
Q
Mandible
A
lower jaw
25
Sphenoid bone
in the center of the skull behind the eyes
| looks like a pair of wings
26
Cheek bones
Zygomatic bones
27
Bridge of your nose
nasal bones
28
upper jaw
maxilla
| 2 bones
29
lower jaw
Mandible
30
In the center of the skull
| looks like a pair of wings
Sphenoid bone
31
unpaired skull bones
Fontal
occipital
sphenoid
mandible
32
List the 5 types of vertebrae and how many there are
- Cervical are in the neck--7
- Thoracic are in the thoracic region and connect to the ribs--12
- Lumbar are in the dorsal abdominal region--5
- Sacrum has four pairs of holes-- 5 fused
- Coccyx is the tail bone--4 fused
33
C1 vertebrae
called the atlas
flattest vertebrae
talks with the skull
"holds the world of your brain"
34
C2 Vertebrae
called the axis
has a big superior projection called the dens
"The world then spins on the axis"
35
breastbone is called
Sternum
36
How many pairs of ribs?
12
37
True ribs
Costal cartilage directly connects to the sternum
| ribs 1-7 are true ribs
38
False Ribs
don't connect with the sternum they connect with rib 7's costal cartilage
Ribs 8-12 are false ribs
39
Floating ribs
no connection at all to the sternum
| ribs 11-12 are floating ribs
40
collar bones are called
clavicles
41
shoulder blades
scapula
42
upper arm bone
Humerus
43
Two bones in the forearem
Ulna--pinky finger side of bone
| radius--Thumb side of bone
44
Wrist bones are called what? How many?
Carpal bones
| 8 total
45
bones in the palm section of hand and how many?
Metacarpal bones
5 total
number 1-5 starting at the thumb
46
finger bones
phalanges (singular: phalanx)
47
hip or coxal bones
ilium--ear piece
ischium--what you hold/handle
Pubis--receiver/what you talk into
48
Thigh bone
Femur
49
Kneecap
patella
50
Two leg bones
Tibia--inside ankle bone
| fibula--outside ankle bone
51
Ankle bones and how many
Tarsals
| 7 total
52
Name 3 types of joints
Fibrous
cartilaginous
Synovial
53
Fibrous joint
Connected by fibrous connective tissue
doesn't move very well
Ex: skull bones
54
Cartilaginous joints
Connected by cartilage.
don't move very well
Ex: Intervertebral discs
55
Synovial joints
All freely movable joints are synovial
| Ex: elbow
56
What is synarthrosis?
Joint that doesn't allow movement
57
3 Subcategories of synarthrosis
1- Sutures
2- Gomphosis
3- Sychondrosis
58
Suture joint
Under synarthrosis
- Found between skull bones
- both fibrous connection and interlocking surfaces
59
Gomphosis joint
Under synarthrosis
- A ligament binds a bone within a bony socket
- found in the sockets in the maxilla and mandible where teeth go.
60
Synchondrosis joint
under synarthrosis
- Cartilage bridge or plate
- Found connecting 1st rib pair to sternum
61
What is amphiarthrosis
joint that allows a bit of movement (means in the middle) like amphibian
62
two subcategories of amphiarthrosis
Syndesmosis
| symphysis
63
Syndesmosis joint
Under Amphiarthrosis
- Ligamentous (fibrous) connection between two bones.
- Ex: Tibia and fibula
64
symphysis joint
Under Amphiarthrosis
- connection by a fibrocartilage pad.
- found in pubic symphysis (between pubic bones and intervertebral discs.
65
diarthrosis joint
- Allows fee movement
- synovial joints are diarthrosis
- complex joint bounded by joint capsule, containing synovial fluid
66
Synovial joint
- joint surfaces of bones covered with hyaline cartilage
- synovial cavity between bones is filled with fluid (for lubrication), surrounded by synovial membrane made of specialized connective tissue
- the joint has a capsule as well that covers the synovial membrane
67
3 types of ligaments associated with synovial joints
Extracapsular: outside the joint capsule (MCL and LCL)
-intracapsular: inside the joint capsule (ACL and PCL)
Capsular: the ligament is made of a thickening of the fibrous capsule. (shoulder and hip ligaments)
68
holds two joints together
ligament
69
extra pad of fibrocartilage
| - have multiple in each knee
Meniscus
70
Thin, oval plate of fibrocartilage separating synovial cavities.
Similar to meniscus
Articular disc
71
the fibrocartilage between vertebrae
intervertebral disc
72
dislocation of an anatomical part
Luxation
73
Inflammation of a joint
Arthritis
74
Shoulder joint
Humeral
75
Elbow joint
Cubital
76
Wrist joint
Carpal
77
knuckle joint
Metacarpophalangeal joints
78
hip joint
Coxal
79
Knee joint
Genual
80
ankle joint
Tarsal
81
Where your lower jaw moves
Temporomandibular joint
82
Joint between occipital bone and skull
Atlanto-occipital joint
83
Joint between C1 and C2
Atlanto-axial joint
84
Flexion
Decreases the angle between articulating bones
85
Extension
increases the angle between articulating bones
86
adduction
movement toward the midsaggital plane
87
abduction
movement away from the midsaggital plane
88
rotation
turning around the longitudinal axis of a body or a limb
89
pronation
moves the forearm so that the wrist faces posteriorly palm down
90
supination
move the forearm so that the wrist faces anteriorly palm up
Anatomy 1090
flashcards
Decks in class (18)
# Cards
-
Chapter 1 terms133
-
Chapter 221
-
Chapter 335
-
Chapter 46
-
Chapter 50
-
Chapter 6 Skeletal System90
-
Chapter 7 Muscular System46
-
Chapter 8 Nervous System (Hard)95
-
Chapter 9 special senses111
-
Chapter 10 Endocrine System81
-
Chapter 11 Hemotology and cardiovascular35
-
Chapter 12 : the heart32
-
Chapter 13: circulation68
-
Chapter 14: Lymphatic system and immunity37
-
Chapter 15: Respiratory system29
-
Test #1113
-
Test #297
-
Test #30
