Chapter 6: Tolerance

Question 0

Cognitive performance usually recovers from impairment to drug-free levels during _____ BACs whereas alcohol increased errors ?
(ACUTE TOLERANCE)

Answer 0

• falling

- do not diminish

Question 1

Acute tolerance?

Answer 1

• alcohols effects are more pronounced at rising BAC than when it falls.
• basically at 150mg per 100ml they were intoxicated (rising) than seemed sober at 200mg per 100ml (falling).

Question 2

Acute tolerance of alcohol effects on cognitive functioning vary depending on? (3)

Answer 2

-dosage, prior exposure, genetic component

Question 3

Chronic Tolerance ?

• maximum tolerance develops when?
• required dosage?
• tolerance disappears after?

Answer 3

• develops fairly rapidly in humans and nonhumans
• maximal tolerance develops within a few weeks in humans to the point that dose increases of 30-50% are required to achieve similar effects
• disappears after 2 or 3 weeks of abstinence but develops again quickly with repeated exposure.

Question 4

Metabolic tolerance ? (2)

-rats?

Answer 4

• stimulation of alcohol dehydrogenase and the MEOS
• light to moderate drinkers can metabolize it more than abstainers because they have more enzymes in their system via compensatory effects.
• devs over time in adult rats but not in adolescent rats..

Question 5

Behavioural Tolerance?
ex: Rats on a treadmill
expectancy also!

Answer 5

• repeated exposure and practice seem to be important in the development of tolerance to the behavioural effects aka PRACTICE
  ex: developed tolerance to locomotor effects of the drug…rats given the same dose without treadmill sessions did not get tolerance.
• expectancy can have an effect on tolerance….those given drinks in an unfamiliar bottle showed poor performance on cognition and motor tasks and rated themselves more intoxicated than those that new they were getting beer.

Question 6

What has been suggested to be involved in the process of behavioural tolerance?

Answer 6

voltage gated calcium and potassium channels

- those with low activity channels developed tolerance faster at cellular and behavioural than those with active ones.