Memory Strategies
activities that imporve remembering
Rehearsal
a memory strategy that involves repeating info to be remembered
Organization
a memory strategy in which info that must be remembered is structured so that related info is placed together
Elaboration
info is embellsihed to make it more memorable
Chunking
organizing related items into one meaningful group, thus improving working memory capacity
Metamemory
ones informal understanding of memory, the ability to diagnose memory problems accurately and monitor the effectiveness of memory strats
Metacognitive Knowledge
a persons knowledge and awareness of cognitive processes
Cognitive Self-Regulation
ability to identify goals, select effective strats, and monitor accurately
Scripts
means by which ppl remember common events consisting oof sequences of activities
Autobiographical Memory
person’s memory of the significant events and experiences of his or her own life
Fuzzy Trace Theory
Brainerd/Reyna: experiences can be stored in memory verbatim of in terms of their basic meaning
Infantile Amnesia
the inability to remember events from early in ones life
Encoding Processes
the cognitive processes that transform the info in a problem into a mental representation
Means-End Analysis
a problem solving heuristic in which ppl determine the difference between the current and desired situations, then do somethign to reduce the difference
Heuristics
rules of thumb that help in solving.problems but dont guarantee a solution
Confounded
as applied to the design of experiments, an error in whih variables are combined instead of evaluated independantly making the results of the experiment ambiguous
Word Recognition
the process of identifying a unique pattern of letters
Comprehension
process of extracting meaning from a sequence of words
Phonological Awareness
the ability to hear the distinctive sounds assc, w/specific letters
Decoding
the ability to identify individual words by sounding out the letters in them
Knowledge-Telling Strategy
strat for writing, used by younger writers, info is written in sequence as it is retrieved from memory
Knowledge-Transforming Strat
strat for wiriting for older writers, decide what info to include and how best to organize it for the point they wish to convey
One-to-One Principle
counting; there must be one and only one number for each object counted
Stable-Order Principle
counting; the number names must always be counted in the same order
