Chapter 7 (FT)

Question 1

_____ are crucial phases in the software development life cycle (SDLC).

Answer 1

Software maintenance and evolution

Question 2

____ ensures that it continues to function effectively after development.

Answer 2

Software maintenance

Question 3

Software must ____ to adapt to changing technologies, busines requirements, and user expectations

Answer 3

evolve

Question 4

According to IEEE(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), _____ involves modifying a software product after delivery to correct faults, improve performance, or adapt the product to a changed environment

Answer 4

Software maintenance

Question 5

Software maintenance is essential because:

Answer 5

1. Technology changes rapidly
2. User requirements evolve
3. Defects are discovered post-release
4. Security vulnerabilities appear
5. Performance improvements

Question 6

Operating systems, hardware, and platforms are frequently updated, and software must adapt to stay compatible

Answer 6

Technology changes rapidly

Question 7

Businesses grow and processes change, demanding new features or functionalities

Answer 7

User reuiremetns evolve

Question 8

No software is perfect. Users may encounter bugs that needs fixing

Answer 8

Defects are discorered post-release

Question 9

Maintenance ensures patches and updates are implemented to protect systems and data

Answer 9

Security vulnerabilities appear

Question 10

Continuous maintenance helps optimize speed, usbility, and efficienty

Answer 10

Performance improvements

Question 11

What are the types of software maintenance:

Answer 11

1. Corrective Maintenance
2. Adaptive Maintenance
3. Perfective Maintenance
4. Preventive Maintenance

Question 12

Purpose: To fix errors, defects, or bugs found during operations.

Focus: Restoring System Functionality

Answer 12

Corrective Maintenance

Question 13

Purpose: TO modify software so it remains compatible with changing environments

Focus: Adapting to external changes such as hardware or platforms updates

Answer 13

Adaptive Maintenance

Question 14

Purpose: To enhance performance, efficiency, or maintainability

Focus: Refining and optimzing existing features

Answer 14

Perfective Maintenance

Question 15

Purpose: To detect and correct potential problems before they occur

Focus: Long-term reliability and risk reduction

Answer 15

Preventive Maintenance

Question 16

Continuous development and improvement of fotware over its lifetime

Answer 16

Software evolution

Question 17

Software evolution concept was introduced by _____

Answer 17

Manny lehman

Question 18

___, who formulated several laws of software evolution, emphasizing that software must continuously change or it will become less useful

Answer 18

Manny Lehman

Question 19

Lehman’s Law of Software Evolution:

Answer 19

1. Continuous Change
2. Increasing Complexity
3. Self-regulation
4. Conversation of Organizational Stability
5. Conservation of Familiarity
6. Continuing Growth
7. Declining Quality
8. Feedback System

Question 20

Software must adapt or it becomes less progressively less useful

Answer 20

Continuing Change

Question 21

As systems evolve, they become more complex unless effor tis made to reduce complexity

Answer 21

Increasing Complexity

Question 22

The process of software evolution is self-regulating with predictable trends

Answer 22

Self-regulation

Question 23

The rate of development and maintenance tends to ramin stable over time

Answer 23

Conservation of Organizational Stability

Question 24

Changes must be limited to maintain user and developer familarity

Answer 24

Conservation of Familiarity

Question 25

Software functionality must continually increase to remain satisfactory

Answer 25

Continuing Growth

Question 26

Without proper maintenance, software quality declines over time

Answer 26

Declining Quality

Question 27

Software evolution processes are mutli-level and influened by feedback loops

Answer 27

Feedback System

Question 28

These laws highlight that evolution is ______

Answer 28

not optional

Question 29

It is an inevitable process if the software is to remain valuable

Answer 29

Evolution

Question 30

What is the software maintenance process model

Answer 30

1. Identification and Tracing 2. Analysis 3. Design 4. Implementation 5. Testing 6. Documentation 7. Release 8. Review

Question 31

Determine which part of the system require modification or improvement

Answer 31

Identification and Tracing

Question 32

Study the problem and evaluate the impact of proposed changes

Answer 32

Analysis

Question 33

Plan the modifications to ensure system integrity and perfomance

Answer 33

Design

Question 34

Apply the necessary code changes and integrate them into the system

Answer 34

Implementation

Question 35

Verify that the changes work correctly and did not introuce new issues

Answer 35

Testint

Question 36

Update user manuals, system specifications, and records to reflect the changes.

Answer 36

Documentatiotn

Question 37

Deply the updated version to users

Answer 37

Release

Question 38

Assess the effectiveness of the maintenance proces and record lessons learned

Answer 38

Review

Question 39

What are the challenges in software maintenance

Answer 39

1. Poor Documentation 2. Code Complexity 3. Lack of Skilled Personnel 4. Changing Requirements 5. Resource Constraints 6. Regression Issues

Question 40

Lack of clear records makes it hard for developers to udnerstand legacy systems

Answer 40

Poor Documentation

Question 41

OVerly complicated or poorly structed code is difficult to mofify safely

Answer 41

Code Complexity

Question 42

Maintenance often requires familiarity with older technologies

Answer 42

Lack of Skilled Personnnel

Question 43

Frequent updatse can disrupt stability

Answer 43

Changing Requirements

Question 44

Time and budget limitations hinder through maintenance work

Answer 44

Resource Constrains

Question 45

Fixing one problem might unintentionally cause another

Answer 45

Regression iSsues

Question 46

What are the tools and techniques for effective maintenance

Answer 46

1. Version control systems 2. Automated Testing Tools 3. Refactoring 4. Continuous Integration and Development 5. Code Documentation and Commenting 6. Monitoring and Feedback System

Question 47

Track changes and manage multiple versions

Answer 47

Version Control System

Question 48

Detect bugs early and ensure software stability

Answer 48

Automated Testing tools

Question 49

Improve internal code structure without altering external behaviour

Answer 49

Refactoring

Question 50

Automate updates and testing

Answer 50

Continuous Integration and Deployment

Question 51

Maintain clarity for future developers

Answer 51

Code Documentation and Commenting

Question 52

Collect user and performance data for ongoing improvement

Answer 52

Monitoring and Feedback ssytem

Question 53

What is the importance of software maintenance and evolution

Answer 53

- ensures system reliability and securty - enhances user satisfaction and productivity - reduces long-term costs compared to full system redevelopment - supports technological compatibility and scalability - enables business continuity and competitiveness

Question 54

Software maintenance and evolution are not the "____" of the development process---- they are the lifeblood of a software system's longevity

Answer 54

end