Anatomy > Chapter 7.1 The Skull > Flashcards

Chapter 7.1 The Skull Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main functions of cranial bones (cranium)?

A

Enclose/protect brain + provide attachment for head/neck muscles

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2
Q

What are the main functions of facial bones?

A

Form face framework; form cavities for senses; openings for air/food; hold teeth; anchor facial muscles

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3
Q

What type of joints unite most skull bones?

A

Sutures (interlocking, immovable)

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4
Q

What are the 4 major cranial sutures?

A

Coronal, sagittal, squamous, lambdoid

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5
Q

Coronal suture location?

A

Between frontal bone and parietal bones (anterior)

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6
Q

Sagittal suture location?

A

Between right and left parietal bones (midline superior)

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7
Q

Squamous suture location?

A

Between parietal and temporal bones (lateral)

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8
Q

Lambdoid suture location?

A

Between parietal bones and occipital bone (posterior)

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9
Q

What is the calvaria (cranial vault)?

A

Skullcap: superior/lateral/posterior cranium + forehead region

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10
Q

What is the cranial base?

A

Inferior part of cranium

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11
Q

What are the 3 cranial fossae?

A

Anterior, middle, posterior cranial fossae

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12
Q

What does the cranial cavity contain?

A

The brain

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13
Q

Name major smaller skull cavities (besides cranial cavity).

A

Orbits; nasal cavity; middle ear/inner ear cavities

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14
Q

What are paranasal sinuses?

A

Air-filled sinuses in bones around nasal cavity (extensions of nasal cavity)

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15
Q

How many cranial bones are in the cranium?

A

8

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16
Q

Which cranial bones are paired?

A

Parietal (2) and temporal (2)

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17
Q

Which cranial bones are unpaired?

A

Frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

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18
Q

Main role of parietal bones?

A

Form most of superior skull + lateral walls (bulk of calvaria)

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19
Q

What are sutural bones?

A

Small variable bones within sutures (esp lambdoid); not in everyone

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20
Q

Frontal bone major roles?

A

Forehead + roofs of orbits; contributes to anterior cranial fossa

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21
Q

Superciliary arches are…

A

Ridges above orbits (deep to eyebrows)

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22
Q

What passes through the supraorbital notch/foramen?

A

Supraorbital nerve (CN V branch) and artery

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23
Q

Glabella is…

A

Smooth midline area between superciliary arches

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24
Q

Frontal sinuses are located…

A

In frontal bone lateral to glabella

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25
Occipital bone major roles?
Posterior cranium + cranial base; forms posterior cranial fossa walls
26
Foramen magnum function?
Passage where brain connects to spinal cord
27
Occipital condyles articulate with…
Atlas (C1) for “yes” nodding
28
Hypoglossal canal transmits…
CN XII (hypoglossal nerve)
29
Temporal bone general location/role?
Inferolateral skull + cranial floor; houses ear structures
30
3 major parts of temporal bone?
Squamous, tympanic, petrous parts
31
Zygomatic arch is formed by…
Zygomatic process of temporal bone + zygomatic bone
32
Mandibular fossa function?
Receives mandibular condyle → TMJ
33
External acoustic meatus is…
External ear canal (in tympanic part)
34
Petrous part is important because…
It houses middle and inner ear cavities
35
Jugular foramen transmits…
Internal jugular vein + CN IX, X, XI
36
Carotid canal transmits…
Internal carotid artery
37
Internal acoustic meatus transmits…
CN VII and CN VIII
38
Stylomastoid foramen transmits…
Branch of CN VII (facial nerve exits skull)
39
Mastoid process significance?
Neck muscle attachment; contains mastoid air cells
40
Sphenoid bone “keystone” means…
It articulates with every other cranial bone (central wedge)
41
Sella turcica holds…
Pituitary gland (hypophyseal fossa)
42
3 paired processes of sphenoid?
Greater wings, lesser wings, pterygoid processes
43
Optic canal transmits…
CN II (optic nerve)
44
Superior orbital fissure transmits (high yield)?
Eye-movement nerves (CN III, IV, VI) + other structures to orbit
45
Foramen rotundum transmits…
Maxillary nerve (CN V2)
46
Foramen ovale transmits…
Mandibular nerve (CN V3)
47
Foramen spinosum transmits…
Middle meningeal artery
48
Ethmoid bone general location/role?
Between nasal cavity and orbits; contributes to nasal cavity + orbit walls + anterior cranial fossa floor
49
Cribriform plates function?
Roof of nasal cavity; contain foramina for CN I
50
Cribriform foramina transmit…
Olfactory nerve fibers (CN I)
51
Crista galli function?
Attachment for falx cerebri (helps secure brain)
52
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid forms…
Superior part of nasal septum
53
Ethmoidal air cells are…
Ethmoid sinuses in ethmoidal labyrinth
54
Superior and middle nasal conchae belong to…
Ethmoid bone
55
How many facial bones are there?
14
56
Which facial bones are unpaired?
Mandible, vomer
57
Which facial bones are paired?
Maxillae, zygomatics, nasals, lacrimals, palatines, inferior nasal conchae
58
Mandible main parts?
Body + rami
59
Coronoid process function?
Temporalis muscle attachment (elevates jaw)
60
Condylar process function?
Forms TMJ with temporal bone
61
Mandibular foramen transmits…
Inferior alveolar nerve (to lower teeth)
62
Mental foramen transmits…
Nerves/vessels to chin + lower lip
63
Why are maxillae “keystone” bones of face?
Articulate with all facial bones except mandible
64
Palatine processes of maxillae form…
Anterior hard palate
65
Maxillary sinuses location?
Within maxillae (largest paranasal sinuses)
66
Infraorbital foramen transmits…
Infraorbital nerve (continuation of CN V2)
67
Zygomatic bones are…
Cheekbones; contribute to orbit margin
68
Nasal bones form…
Bridge of nose
69
Lacrimal bones location/function?
Medial orbit wall; contribute to lacrimal fossa for tear drainage
70
Palatine bones form…
Posterior hard palate + part of lateral nasal cavity walls
71
Vomer forms…
Inferior part of nasal septum
72
Inferior nasal conchae are…
Largest conchae; separate bones projecting from lateral nasal cavity walls
73
Nasal cavity roof is formed by…
Ethmoid cribriform plates
74
Nasal cavity floor (hard palate) is formed by…
Maxilla palatine processes + palatine bone horizontal plates
75
Bony nasal septum is formed by…
Vomer (inferior) + perpendicular plate of ethmoid (superior)
76
What are the meatuses?
Groove-like air passages under each concha (superior/middle/inferior)
77
Paranasal sinuses occur in which bones?
Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary bones
78
Main “big idea” function of paranasal sinuses?
Help warm/moisten/filter air + lighten skull
79
How many bones form each orbit?
7
80
Which 7 bones form the orbit?
Frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxillary, palatine, lacrimal, ethmoid
81
Hyoid bone special fact?
Does NOT articulate with other bones; suspended by ligaments
82
Hyoid function (high yield)?
Movable base for tongue; attachment for muscles moving larynx during swallowing
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