Nurs Fall 2025 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

(38 cards)

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1
Q

What 4 things can Hypovolemia cause?

A
  1. loss of fluid
  2. sweating
  3. hemorrhage
  4. GI upsets
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2
Q

What 4 labs are used to assess Hypovolemia?

A
  1. Elevation in osmolarity and specific gravity
  2. Decrease in HGB and HCT
  3. Increased BUN and Sodium
  4. Decreased potassium
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3
Q

What are some symptoms of hypovolemia?

A
  • Weight loss
  • dry mucous membranes
  • Hypotension
  • Anxiety and restlessness
  • Cool, clammy pale skin
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4
Q

What are 3 things done to manage hypovolemia?

A
  1. Identify the cause
  2. Give hypertonic solutions
  3. Pulmonary assessment regularity
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5
Q

What are symptoms of hypovolemic shock?

A
  1. Hypotension
  2. Tachycardia
  3. Organ hyper perfusion
  4. Cool clammy skin
  5. Decreased LOC
  6. Tachypnea (fast breathing)
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6
Q

Does drinking regular water replace electrolytes?

A

No you must drink something with electrolytes in it.

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7
Q

What 4 things can cause Hypervolemia?

A
  1. Heart failure
  2. Cirrhosis
  3. Use of corticosteroids
  4. adrenal gland and stress conditions
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8
Q

What 3 labs indicate hypervolemia?

A
  1. HCT and BUN low
  2. Low albumin
  3. Low sodium levels
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9
Q

What are symptoms of hypervolemia?

A
  • Weight gain
  • Ascites
  • Edema
  • Increased urinary output
  • Hypertension
  • Tachypnea
  • S3 HEART SOUNDS
  • JVD
  • Coughing
  • Orthophea
  • Decreased O2 sats
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10
Q

What vitals indicate hypervolemia?

A
  • High respiratory rate
  • Decreased O2 levels
  • High blood pressure
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11
Q

What are 3 ways to help cure Hypervolemia?

A
  1. Fluid and sodium restrictions
  2. Monitor daily I and O
  3. Collect a health history on past vitals
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12
Q

What does HYPONATREMIA cause?

A
  • Vommiting
  • Sweating
  • Diarrhea
  • Neuromuscular issues
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13
Q

What does HYPERNATREMIA cause?

A
  • increased thirst
  • Poor skin turgor
  • Increased blood sugar
  • Increased heart rate
  • Confusion
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14
Q

What can HYPERNATREMIA cause in severe cases?

A
  • Seizures
  • Death
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15
Q

What is the normal range for SODIUM in the body?

A
  • 135 to 145 mEq/L
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16
Q

What is the normal range for CHLORIDE in the body?

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A
  • 97 to 107 mEq/L
17
Q

What are the names for too much and too little Chloride in the body?

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A
  • Hypochloremia
  • Hyperchloremia
18
Q

Where is chloride usually found in the body?

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A
  • Pancreatic gastric juices, saliva, sweat and bile
19
Q

What is the normal range for potassium in the body?

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A

3.5 to 5 mEq/L

20
Q

What does potassium do in the body?

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A
  • Helps regulate neuromuscular and metabolic processes
21
Q

What 4 things can HYPOKALEMIA cause?

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A
  1. Muscle weakness
  2. Lethargy
  3. Hyporeflexia
  4. Dysarythmias
22
Q

What 3 things can HYPERKALEMIA cause?

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A
  1. muscle weakness
  2. dysarythmias
  3. death
23
Q

What lab can be used to monitor potassium levels if they are excessive?

24
Q

Why is Potassium usually given through a central line?

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A
  • Because it can burn otherwise
25
What is usually given to help treat hyperkalemia?
- IV dextrose with short acting insulin - This is because sugar and insulin promotes the movement of potassium then insulin promotes glucose into the cell and potassium follows
26
What is Kayexlate given for?
Hyperkalemia
27
What is MAGNESIUM needed for in the body?
- Cellular functioning - Healthy bones and teeth - Functioning of smooth muscles - Coagulation -
28
What is the normal range of magnesium in the body?
1.6 to 2.2 mg/dl
29
What can hypomagnesia cause?
- Neuromuscular issues - Trosseau and Chvostek's sign
30
Who is likely to get hypomagnesia?
- Those who use alcohol excessively
31
What does calcium do in the body?
- Helps control cardiac and muscular contraction - Coagulation - Nerve impulse transmission
32
What are calcium levels regulated by?
- Parathyroid and thyroid glands
33
What is the normal ionized level of calcium in the body?
4.6 to 5.3 mg/dl
34
What is the normal total level of calcium in the body?
8.2 to 10.2 mg/dl
35
What can Hypocalcemia lead to?
- Laryngospasm - Seizures
36
What can Hypercalcemia cause and what is it often caused by?
- Caused by cancer of the bones and can lead to Osteoporosis
37
What is phosphorous used for in the body?
- Essential the the control of cellular energy metabolism
38
What is the normal range of phosphorous?
2.5 to 4.5 mg/dl
Nurs Fall 2025
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