altruism
the selfless concern for the well-being of others
ex: someone stopping to help a stranger change a flat tire with no expectation of reward
bystander effect
finding that a person is less likely to help when there are other bystanders
egoism
motive to increase your own welfare (motivated by self-interest)
ex: a person donating money to charity because it makes them feel good or improves their public image
empathy
vicarious experience of someone else’s feeling; putting yourself in someone else’s shoes
kin selection
evolution has selected altruism toward one’s close relatives to enhance the survival of mutually shared genes
moral exclusion
when individuals or groups are perceived as outside the boundary in which moral values, rules, and considerations of fairness apply
ex: genocide or slavery
moral inclusion
regarding others as within your circle of moral concern
reciprocity norm
an expectation that people will help those who have helped them
social-exchange theory
theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one’s rewards and minimize one’s costs
ex: deciding whether to stay in a friendship, where you mentally weigh the relationship’s rewards (like support and fun) against its costs (like stress and effort)
social-responsibility norm
an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them
the selfless concern for the well-being of others
ex: someone stopping to help a stranger change a flat tire with no expectation of reward
altruism
finding that a person is less likely to help when there are other bystanders
bystander effect
motive to increase your own welfare (motivated by self-interest)
ex: a person donating money to charity because it makes them feel good or improves their public image
egoism
vicarious experience of someone else’s feeling; putting yourself in someone else’s shoes
empathy
evolution has selected altruism toward one’s close relatives to enhance the survival of mutually shared genes
kin selection
when individuals or groups are perceived as outside the boundary in which moral values, rules, and considerations of fairness apply
ex: genocide or slavery
moral exclusion
regarding others as within your circle of moral concern
moral inclusion
an expectation that people will help those who have helped them
reciprocity norm
theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one’s rewards and minimize one’s costs
ex: deciding whether to stay in a friendship, where you mentally weigh the relationship’s rewards (like support and fun) against its costs (like stress and effort)
social-exchange theory
an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them
social-responsibility norm
