Chapter 8.5

Question 1

What is the subphylum of chordata, and what three characteristics distinguish it from other chordates?

Answer 1

Vertebrates, distinguished by vertebral column/spine, cranium, and endoskeleton.

spine protects dorsal nerve cord, cranium protects brain

Question 2

Name the first three characteristics of vertebrates.

Answer 2

1. living endoskeleton
2. closed circulatory system
3. paired appendages

Question 3

Name the other three characteristics of vertebrates.

Answer 3

1. efficient respiration & excretion
2. cephalization
3. active lifestyles

Question 4

Name the three types of fishes and their classes.

Answer 4

1. Jawless - class agnatha
2. Cartilaginous - class chondrichthyes
3. Bony - class osteichtyes

fishes have two-chambered hearts

Question 5

streamlined shape & …

mucus layer &….
gills &…

Name the three main characteristics of fish

Answer 5

1. streamlined shape & paired fins
2. mucus layer & air bladder
3. gills & lateral line w/sensory structures

Question 6

two examples

Jawless fish examples and three main characteristics

Answer 6

hagfish, lamprey
1. first vertebrates
2. no paired fins
3. cartilage-based skeleton

Question 7

two examples, last two characteristics _, _, _,

Bony fish examples and three main characteristics

Answer 7

rainbow trout, salmon
1. jaw/skeleton of bony material
2. bone, lungs or swim bladder, scales
3. brain, olfactory, optic lobes

Question 8

three examples, each characteristics _ + _

Cartilaginous fish examples and three main characteristics

Answer 8

sharks, skates, rays
1. seven senses + lateral line
2. detect slight electric currents + changes in pressure
3. teeth continually replaced + paired pectoral fins

Question 9

Name the three types of amphibians and their orders.

Answer 9

1. Frogs & Toads - order anura
2. Caecilians - order apoda
3. Salamanders - order urodela

amphibians have three-chambered hearts

caecilians are legless amphibians

Question 10

1. tetrapods +…

2. use lungs +… for respiration
3. …temp reg.

Name the three main characteristics of amphibians

Answer 10

1. tetrapods + metamorphosis
2. use lungs + smooth moist skin + gills for respiration
3. ectothermic temperature regulation

most primitive to possess true limbs

evolved from lobe finned fishes

Question 11

1. male sperm…

2. female ovaries…
3. …. fertilisation occurs

How does amphibian reproduction work?

Answer 11

1. male frog sperm develop in testes, leave thru cloacal opening
2. female frog ovaries, coated in jelly-like material, exit thru cloaca
3. direct external fertilisation occurs

must lay eggs in water cuz they lack shells

parental care common