Physical Science > Chapter 9 and 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 and 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

study of nature, behavior, and the use of static electricity

A

Electrostatics

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2
Q

property that allows them to attract and repel other charged particles by the electromagnetic force

A

Electric charge

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2
Q

interactions between electrons and other charged particles

A

Electricity

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3
Q

An atom or other object with an equal number of positive and negative charges

A

Neutral

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4
Q

the simplest form of electricity

A

Static electricity

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5
Q

SI unit of electric charge

A

Coulomb

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6
Q

states that opposite charges attract each other but like charges repel each other

A

Law of electric charges

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7
Q

states that the strength of the retraction or repulsion between two charged objects is directly related to the strength of the charged and inversely related to the square of the distance between them

A

Law of electric force

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8
Q

the effect of a charged object

A

Electric field

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9
Q

electric field with even strength throughout

A

Uniform field

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10
Q

arrows that indicate how a positive test charge in the field would move

A

Lines of force

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11
Q

most familiar way to transfer electric charge

A

Conduction

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12
Q

states that the total charge is the same before and after any interaction

A

Law of conservation of charge

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12
Q

most common way of dissipating charges

A

Grounding

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13
Q

the process of imparting electric charge from one object to another without direct contact between the objects

A

Induction

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14
Q

the flow of charge from one place to another

A

Current

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15
Q

simple device that uses the laws of electrostatics to detect small electric charges

A

Electroscope

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16
Q

the flow of electrons from one place to another

A

Current Electricity

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17
Q

electricity that flows in only one direction, without reversing

A

Direct current

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18
Q

electricity that flows first in one direction and then the other, reversing at regular intervals

A

Alternating current

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19
Q

equals the energy gained or lost per unit charge

A

Voltage

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20
Q

SI unit of voltage

A

Volt

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21
Q

rate of the charge “flow”

A

Current

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21
Q

amount of energy used when 1 kW of power is used continuously for 1 h

A

Kilowatt-hour

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22
SI unit of current
Ampere
23
materials through which current flows easily
Conductors
24
materials through which current does not easily flow
Insulators
25
neither good conductors nor good insulators
Semiconductors
26
energy used to overcome resistance is converted into heat
Joule heat
27
amount a certain object hinders electron low
Resistance
27
unit of resistance
Ohm
28
material that allows current to flow through it with no resistance at all
Superconductor
29
the temperature at which a material becomes a superconductor
Critical temperature
30
electrical device designed to add resistance to a circuit
Resistor
31
V= IR
Ohm’s law
32
what are the four factors affecting resistance?
1. Type of material 2. Diameter of the conductor 3. Length of the conductor 4. Temperature
33
path that an electric current follows
Electric circuit
34
device that transforms the energy of the electric current into another useful form of energy
Load
35
circuit that contains a complete path for electrons to flow from the source of current, through the load, and back to the source
Closed circuit
36
device that opens or closes a circuit
Switch
37
what are the three parts of a simple electric circuit?
1. Source of current 2. Set of conductors 3. Load
38
circuit in which a gap is made and electrons cannot cross through
Open circuit
38
occurs if electricity has the opportunity to take a “short-cut” through a circuit, avoiding the load
Short circuit
39
narrow strip of metal housed in a protective, insulated case
Fuse
40
automatic switch that opens the circuit when current flowing through it exceeds a predetermined amount
Circuit breaker
41
loads are arranged so that the electric current flows through each load one after another
Series circuit
42
loads are arranged in separate branches of the circuit and the current is divided among them
Parallel circuit
43
object capable of attracting materials such as iron or steel by magnetic force
Magnet
44
property of attracting objects by the magnetic force
Magnetism
45
natural magnet that was used as a compass
Lodestone
46
region of connected magnetism in a magnet
Poles
47
pole of a magnet that points north
North pole
48
pole of a magnet that points south
South pole
49
states that unlike poles attract each other, but like poles repel each other
Law of magnetic poles
50
region surrounding a magnet in which other objects are affected by magnetism
Magnetic field
51
imaginary lines that indicate the direction and strength of the magnetic field
Lines of flux
52
states that the force between two magnetic poles is directly related to the product of the pole strengths and inversely related to the square of the distance between the poles
Law of magnetic force
53
extent to which a material can absorb or channel lines of magnetic flux
Permeability
54
formula for law of electric force
F = k q1q/ 2 r2
55
formula for electrical power
P = VI
55
formula for Ohm's law
V=IR
56
formula for resistance
Rt = R1 + R2 + R3
56
group of aligned atoms having a single magnetic field
Domain
57
characterized by having no electrical charge
neutron
58
negatively charged subatomic particle
electron
59
positively charged subatomic particle
proton
60
an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge
ion
61
SI unit of power
Watt
62
Essay option #1 four factors of resistance
1.Type of material: Different materials have different inherent resistance properties 2. Length of the conductor: Resistance increases as the length of the conductor increases 3. Diameter: A thinner wire increases resistance, while a thicker wire decreases it 4. Temperature: resistance increases as the temperature increases
63
Essay option #2 conduction vs. induction
conduction- transfer of charge through direct contact between objects, resulting in a permanent, like-charge transfer Induction- production of a local charge on a neutral body by the influence of a charged object at a distance, causing separation of charges without direct contact
Physical Science
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