Chapter 9 Key Terms

Question 1

Chronically undernourished

Answer 1

people whose diet doesn’t provide the 2,200 kcal per day on average considered necessary for a healthy, productive life

Question 2

Food security

Answer 2

the ability to obtain sufficient and nutritious food on a day to day basis

Question 3

Famine

Answer 3

large scale food shortages accompanied by widespread starvation and even death

Question 4

Essential nutrients

Answer 4

nutrients that must be obtained in a person’s diet as they are not produced by the body

Question 5

Malnourishment

Answer 5

a nutritional imbalance caused by a lack of specific dietary components, or an inability to absorb or utilize essential nutrients

Question 6

Complete Protein

Answer 6

a complete assemblage in food of all of the amino acids that cannot be produced by the human body

Question 7

Kwashiorkor

Answer 7

a widespread human protein deficiency disease resulting form a starchy diet low in protein and essential amino acids

Question 8

Marasmus

Answer 8

a widespread human protein deficiency disease caused by a diet low in calories and protein or imbalanced in essential amino acids

Question 9

Anemia

Answer 9

low levels of hemoglobin due to iron deficiency or lack of red blood cells

Question 10

Confined Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO)

Answer 10

facilities in which large numbers of animals spend most or all of their life in confinement

Question 11

Trawling

Answer 11

a fishing technique in which a large, weighted net is dragged behind a boat long a seafloor to catch bottom dwelling fish or shrimp, often destroying seabed habitat

Question 12

Purse seining

Answer 12

a fishing technique that uses a huge net to surround and capture schools of fish

Question 13

Longlining

Answer 13

a fishing technique that uses a very long line, up to 80 km long, with thousands of baited hooks

Question 14

Aquaculture

Answer 14

growing aquatic species in net pens or tanks

Question 15

Green Revolution

Answer 15

dramatically increased agricultural production brought about by “miracle” strains of grain; usually requires high inputs of water, plant nutrients, and pesticides

Question 16

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

Answer 16

organisms whose genetic code has been altered by artificial means such as interspecies gene transfer