What are values in OB?
Broad preferences for certain states of affairs over others (what we consider good vs. bad).
Why are values important in OB?
They are motivational, influence attitudes/behaviours, and explain cross-cultural differences.
What are some sources of values?
Family, culture, religion, personal experiences, societal expectations.
What is an attitude?
A fairly stable evaluative tendency to respond consistently to a specific object, situation, person, or category of people.
What is the Belief → Value → Attitude → Behaviour sequence?
Beliefs (what you think) + Values (what you prefer) shape Attitudes (evaluations), which drive Behaviour.
What are the three key attitudes studied in OB?
- Job satisfaction
- Organizational commitment
- Employee engagement
What is job satisfaction?
A collection of attitudes people have about their jobs, including facet and overall satisfaction.
What is Discrepancy Theory of job satisfaction?
Satisfaction depends on the gap between what employees want and what they perceive they get.
What are the three types of fairness affecting job satisfaction?
- Distributive fairness: fairness of outcomes.
- Procedural fairness: fairness of processes.
- Interactional fairness: fairness of communication/respect.
How do personality traits affect job satisfaction?
Big Five traits (e.g., conscientiousness), self-esteem, locus of control, and proactivity predispose some people to higher/lower satisfaction.
What is Affective Events Theory (AET)?
Jobs consist of events → events trigger emotions → emotions influence attitudes (like job satisfaction).
What is emotional contagion?
Emotions and moods spread among team members, shaping collective satisfaction.
What is emotional labour?
Requirement to display certain emotions at work, even if they don’t match one’s true feelings.
What is organizational commitment?
An attitude reflecting the strength of the linkage between an employee and an organization.
What are the three types of commitment?
- Affective: emotional attachment, “want to stay.”
- Continuance: costs of leaving, “have to stay.”
- Normative: obligation, “ought to stay.”
Which type of commitment is most strongly linked to performance?
Affective commitment.
What is the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover?
Higher satisfaction → lower turnover; lower satisfaction → higher turnover.
How does job satisfaction relate to absenteeism?
Dissatisfied employees are more likely to be absent, though relationship is moderate.
What is organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB)?
Voluntary, discretionary behaviours that go beyond job requirements and help the organization (e.g., helping coworkers).
What is counterproductive work behaviour (CWB)?
Voluntary behaviours that harm the organization (e.g., theft, sabotage, absenteeism).
How do satisfaction and commitment affect customer satisfaction?
Satisfied and committed employees deliver better service → higher customer satisfaction and loyalty.
