the periodic table of elements…
a table of the chemical elements arranged to display their periodic properties in relation to their atomic numbers
Johann dobereiner…
one of the first scientist to discover that when arranged by atomic mass, groups of elements with similar properties emerged
Dmitri Mendeleev…
credited with development of modern periodic table
Henry Mosley…
developed an experimental technique for counting the protons in an atom’s nucleus
elements were arranged in order of increasing…
atomic numbers
periodic law…
the properties of elements vary with their atomic number in a periodic way
group or family…
a vertical column
periods or series…
a horizontal row
metals…
usually solid, shiny, malleable
metal exceptions…
manganese and mercury
nonmetals…
generally gases, poor conductors
nonmetal exceptions…
bromine
metalloids…
elements immediately adjacent to stair-step
atomic radius…
the distance from the center of the atom’s nucleus to its outermost electron
radii ___________ from left to right
decrease
radii ____________ from top to bottom
increases
fluorine is the…
most electronegative
francium is the…
least electronegative
cations are _________ in size than neutral atoms
smaller
anions are ___________ in size than neutral atoms
larger
first ionization energy…
- the minimum amount of energy required to remove the first electron from the outermost shell of a single neutral atom in its gaseous state
- increases left to right
- decreases top to bottom
electronegativity…
the measure of the attraction between the nucleus and valence electrons
Linus Pauling…
first chemist to quantify electronegativity
chemical bonds…
a force of attraction that holds atoms together in compounds; an attraction produced by the transferring or sharing of electrons
