Final 1

Question 1

What is chemical change?

Answer 1

Changes in the identity of a material changes that result in a different material, with a different amount of properties

Question 2

What is physical change?

Answer 2

Changes that occur in a material without changing the identity of the materials

Question 3

What is malleability?

Answer 3

Materials that can be hammered easily into shapes or thin sheets

Question 4

What is conductivity?

Answer 4

The ability of a material to transfer heat or electricity between its particles

Question 5

What is an atom?

Answer 5

The most basic particle that makes up an element, consists of a neutral particle which has a centrally located nucleus, consisting of protons and neutrons, with electrons around it

Question 6

What is an ion?

Answer 6

a charged atom

Question 7

What is a coefficient?

Answer 7

A standard size number in front of a chemical formula

Question 8

What is the law of mass/energy?

Answer 8

Matter can neither be created or destroyed, only converted from one form into another

Question 9

What is a conversion factor?

Answer 9

A fraction that contains both the original unit and its equivalent value in a new unit

Question 10

What are significant digits?

Answer 10

A measurement that consists of all the certain digits plus one estimated digit

Question 11

What is the law of definite composition?

Answer 11

Every compound is formed of elements combined in specific ratios by mass so unique for that compound

Question 12

What is a atomic number?

Answer 12

The number of protons in the nucleus

Question 13

What are the principle energy levels?

Answer 13

The atoms major energy levels

Question 14

What is a isotope?

Answer 14

Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 15

What is a mass number?

Answer 15

A number equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 16

What are valence electrons?

Answer 16

The most loosely bound electrons which are usually found in the highest or outermost energy level of neutral atom

Question 17

What is a cation?

Answer 17

positively charged ions

Question 18

What is a anion?

Answer 18

negatively charged ions

Question 19

What is a group/family?

Answer 19

A vertical column of elements in the periodic table with similar physical and chemical properties

Question 20

What is a period/series?

Answer 20

A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

Question 21

What is a chemical bond?

Answer 21

A force of attraction that holds atoms together in compounds; an attraction produced by the transferring or sharing of electrons

Question 22

What is the octet rule?

Answer 22

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons until outer energy levels are full with eight electrons

Question 23

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 23

Bond formed when atoms share electrons, 2 nonmetals

Question 24

What is a ionic bond?

Answer 24

Bond formed when ions are held together through attraction of opposite charges, metal and nonmetal

Question 25

What is a metallic bond?

Answer 25

A communal sharing of electrons between metal atoms, 2 metals

Question 26

What is polarity?

Answer 26

The tendency of an object to form 2 localized regions of opposite charges

Question 27

What is a electrostatic force?

Answer 27

Attraction of bonded electrons to each nucleus

Question 28

What is crystalline lattice?

Answer 28

orderly arrangement of ions

Question 29

What is a formula unit?

Answer 29

Simplest ratio of elements in an ionic compound that describes its composition

Question 30

What is a delocalized electron?

Answer 30

Acts as a "glue" to hold the positively charged metal ions together

Question 31

What is the valence bond theory?

Answer 31

The concept that covalent bonds are formed when orbitals of different atoms overlap

Question 32

What is a sigma bond?

Answer 32

ends of orbitals overlap

Question 33

What is a pi bond?

Answer 33

sides of orbitals overlap

Question 34

What is VSEPR?

Answer 34

A theory stating that because of electron-electron repulsion, the electron orbitals in a molecule are arranged so that they are as far apart as possible around the central atom

Question 35

What is hybridization?

Answer 35

The process of forming new kinds of orbitals with equal energy from a combination of orbitals of different energies

Question 36

What is a polar covalent bond?

Answer 36

A bond in which electrons are shared unequally between atoms having different electronegativities

Question 37

What is a dipole moment?

Answer 37

A measure of the amount of polarity of the entire molecule

Question 38

What is a oxidation number?

Answer 38

The number that represents the number of electrons that an atom in a compound must gain or lose to return to its neutral state

Question 39

What is a polyatomic ion?

Answer 39

Covenant bonded groups of atoms that carry a charge

Question 40

What is nomenclature?

Answer 40

A system of naming used in chemistry

Question 41

What is a reactant?

Answer 41

An element that undergoes a chemical change, written to the left of the arrow

Question 42

What is a product?

Answer 42

An element that is produced from a chemical reaction, written to the right of an arrow

Question 43

What is a reversible reaction?

Answer 43

Reaction that occurs in the reverse direction as well as in the forward direction

Question 44

What is a precipitate?

Answer 44

A solid that separates out of solution during a chemical reaction

Question 45

What is a spectator ion?

Answer 45

Ions that appear in the reactants and in the products

Question 46

What is molar mass?

Answer 46

Mass of a mole of any pure substance

Question 47

What is avogadro's number?

Answer 47

Substance containing 6.022x10^23 particles