Chemistry

Question 1

covalent bonds

Answer 1

• bond that forms when 2 atom share same parts or pairs of electrons
• when bond formed, energy is released because electrons become more spatially distributed

Question 2

sigma bonds

Answer 2

STRONGEST & involve HEAD-ON overlapping from 2 different atoms of electron orbitals from 2 diff. atoms

Question 3

Pi bonds

Answer 3

a little weaker and LATERAL overlapping

Question 4

nonpolar

Answer 4

formed when 2 atoms shared electrons EQUALLY

- do not mix well with H2O and other polar solvents

Question 5

polar

Answer 5

formed when electron NOT shared equally

• electrons pulled closer, giving molecules ionic prop.
• imbalance of charge
• electronegative different between atoms greater

Question 6

coordinate (or dipolar)

Answer 6

formed when 2 shared electrons of molecules come from SAME atoms

Question 7

ionic bond

Answer 7

• one ion + and -

- larger electronegativity between ions

Question 8

metallic bonds

Answer 8

• occur when electrons in outer shell of atom becomes DELOCALIZE and FREE MOVING
• shared by many atoms as they move around + charged metal ions
  
  • create environment that allows for easy conduction of heat and electricity btw atoms
  • contribute to luster

Question 9

hydrogen bonds

Answer 9

• formed btw hydrogen atom that presenting 1 molecules and another that already part of a molecular complex
• INTERMOLECULAR
• attracted to atoms that has HIGHER electronegativity
• important in formation of DNA double helix molecules

Question 10

property of water

Answer 10

• polar compound, acid/base

Question 11

cohesion (water)

Answer 11

attracted to water molecules to EACH OTHER

Question 12

adhesion

Answer 12

attracted to water molecules of other molecules with which it can form H-bonds

Question 13

What does adhesion create?

Answer 13

capillary action

Question 14

capillary action

Answer 14

• created by adhesion

- ability of h2o to “climb” up the side of a tube as its attracted to the materials

Question 15

combination

Answer 15

(a+b=c)

• 2+ reactants combined to form one more complex, larger product
• bonds broken, the element rearranged -> product

Question 16

decomposition

Answer 16

c –> A+B

- occur when 1 substrate is broken down into 2 or more product

Question 17

combustion

Answer 17

• specific type of chemical reaction that involves OXYGEN GAS as reactant
• mostly involves burning

Question 18

catalyst

Answer 18

• increase chemical reaction when added to reaction; requires less energy
• substances that lower activation energy required to go from reactants–> products of reaction but arent consume in process

Question 19

enzymes

Answer 19

• a large biological catalyst that increase chemical raction
• lower activation energy of reaction to increase reaction rate
• differ from other catalysts by increased specificity to their substrate
• NONCOMPETITIVE inhibitors binds to enzyme different location that substrate
  
  • only binds to ENZYME SUBSTRATE complex

Question 20

acidic

Answer 20

less than 7

Question 21

basic

Answer 21

more than 7

Question 22

neutral

Answer 22

7

Question 23

red —> blue

Answer 23

base

Question 24

blue —-> red

Answer 24

acidic

Question 25

Bronsted-lowry acid-base theory

Answer 25

accepted theory about how acid-base reaction works

Question 26

acid

Answer 26

substances that dissociates in aqueous solutions and form hydroxide (OH-) ion

Question 27

acid (proton)

Answer 27

proton donar

Question 28

base (proton)

Answer 28

proton acceptor