Immune System

Question 1

antigens

Answer 1

foreign substances

-identification to detect agents that are dangerous and let them know their foreign

Question 2

allergies

Answer 2

immune response to foreign agents that are NOT pathogens

Question 3

innate immune system

Answer 3

• external aspect of innate immune system (first line of defense)
• doesnt defend against specific pathogens
• HAS NATURAL KILLER CELLS

Question 4

normal flora

Answer 4

live on skin/ other substances lining areas in contact with external environment

Question 5

immune system

Answer 5

• 2nd line of defense
• collection of nonspecific cellular response such as…
  - inflammation
  - production of interferons
  - ingestion of pathogens by phagocytes

Question 6

adaptive immune system

Answer 6

• 3rd line of defense

- collection of cellular responses triggered by internal presence of SPECIFIC antigens

Question 7

T- Cells

Answer 7

• undergo mutation in THYMUS
  - in presence of antigen, mature T-cells activate
• DIRECTLY attack cells infected by viruses and bacteria(Helper, cytotoxic, and memory)

Question 8

Helper T-Cell

Answer 8

• secretes INTERLEUKINS, chemical messengers that trigger action of other cells
  - one of those action is attack of foreign
  substances by cytotoxic T-cell
  -activate B cells to make ANTIBODIES and other chemicals

Question 9

Memory Cell

Answer 9

• T cell that now responds quickly to an antigen re-exposure
• involved in cell mediated immunity

Question 10

B-cell

Answer 10

• make antibodies in response to antigens
• multiply quickly into plasma cells (produce and secretes large amount of antibodies)
• production of immunoglobin

Question 11

antibody

Answer 11

• blood proteins that have variable region that fits specific antigens
• tags pathogens for later destruction

Question 12

passive immunity

Answer 12

• temporary immunity gained by body

- gained NATURALLY

Question 13

active immunity

Answer 13

• protection against specific antigens resulting from body’s production of antibodies in response

Question 14

vaccine

Answer 14

• solution of dead and weakened pathogens introduced to body for purpose of stimulating antibodies production

Question 15

Peyer’s patch

Answer 15

protects digestive system from pathogen

Question 16

macrophage

Answer 16

one large type of phagocyte WBC
-after consuming pathogen, theyre able to put parts of ingested antigens on cell membrane to alert patrolling T-cells

Question 17

cytokines

Answer 17

broadcast location of pathogens to other WBC

Question 18

Spleen

Answer 18

• Filters blood
• removing microbes and worn out rbc
• produces white blood cells that fight infection and synthesizes antibodies

Question 19

What is the spleen made of?

Answer 19

Lymphoid tissue

Question 20

splenic sinus connects what?

Answer 20

blood vessels to spleen

Question 21

cytotoxic t-cells

Answer 21

in adapative

Question 22

Which muscle moves lymph one way?

Answer 22

skeletal muscle

Question 23

lymph nodes

Answer 23

• located in neck, armpit, and groin

- Small swellings in the lymphatic system where LYMPH IS FILTERED and LYMPHOCYTES ARE FORMED

Question 24

lymph tissue

Answer 24

• tonsils
• adenoids
• thymus
• spleen
• peyer’s patch

Question 25

tonsils

Answer 25

located in PHARYNX | -protect against pathogens entering via mouth or throat

Question 26

thymus

Answer 26

maturation chamber for immune T cells formed in bone marrow

Question 27

spleen

Answer 27

cleans blood of dead cells and pathogens

Question 28

peyer's patch

Answer 28

- located in ILEUM of small intestine | - protects GI tracts from pathogens

Question 29

ciliated mucous membrane

Answer 29

cilia protect RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Question 30

glandular secretion

Answer 30

Exocrine-destroy pathogens

Question 31

gastric secretions

Answer 31

gastric acid destroys pathogens

Question 32

normal bacterial populations

Answer 32

compete with pathogen in GUTS and VAGINA

Question 33

suppressor T-cells

Answer 33

stop other T-cells when the battle is over

Question 34

killer/cytoxic T-cells

Answer 34

destroy cells infected with a pathogen, virus, or tumor

Question 35

anitbody mediated responses

Answer 35

response is to an antigen

Question 36

cellular mediated responses

Answer 36

responses is to an ALREADY infected cell

Question 37

Steps of Immune System

Answer 37

1. Macrophage engulfs antigen and presents fragments of antigen on its surface 2. A Helper T Cell joins the Macrophage 3. Killer/Cytotoxic T Cells and B Cells are activated 4. Killer/Cytotoxic T Cells search and destroy cells presenting the same antigen 5. B Cells differentiate into Plasma Cells and Memory Cells

Question 38

naturally acquired active immunity

Answer 38

exposure to pathogen without immunization

Question 39

naturally acquired passive immunity

Answer 39

occurs during pregnancy and during breast feeding | -antibodies passed from mother to child

Question 40

artificially acquired active immunity

Answer 40

build immunity via vaccinations

Question 41

artificially acquired passive immunity

Answer 41

immunization given during an outbreak or emergency - temporary - antibodies come from another person or animal

Question 42

dendritic cells

Answer 42

present antigens to T-cells

Question 43

neutrophils

Answer 43

short living phagocytes that respond quickly to invaders

Question 44

basophils

Answer 44

alert the body of invasion

Question 45

eosinophils

Answer 45

are large, long-living phagocytes that defend against multicellular invaders

Question 46

plasma cells

Answer 46

produces antibodies specific to that pathogen or foreign substances