Integumentary System

Question 1

epidermis

Answer 1

• outer layer

- keratinized stratified SQUAMOUS epithelial tissue, NO BLOOD VESSEL

Question 2

What is the deepest portion of the epidermis?

Answer 2

stratum basale

Question 3

dermis

Answer 3

• aka cutaneous layer (middle layer)
• mostly connective tissue
• has capillaries and blood vessels
• sweat glands and sebacious
• ELASTIN AND COLLAGEN FIBERS
• HAS RECEPTORS (for thermoregulation)

Question 4

hypodermis

Answer 4

• aka subcutaneous layer
• highly vascular
• below is muscle layer

Question 5

Hair is generated by what at base of hair follicles

Answer 5

epithelial cell

Question 6

What moisturizes hair and skin?

Answer 6

sebum (oil)

Question 7

ceruminous glands (aka sweat glands)

Answer 7

produces sebum

Question 8

apopcrine sweat gland

Answer 8

• aka scent gland

- increase concentration of fatty acids than sweat

Question 9

exocrine sweat gland

Answer 9

• aka merocrine gland

delivers secretions directly to external surfaces of epidermis

Question 10

Body thermostat is controlled where?

Answer 10

hypothalamus

Question 11

When body temperature high, hypothalamus stimulates…?

Answer 11

cutaneous vasodilation

• increase in blood vessels diameter in skin allows more blood flow near surface of body

Question 12

shivering

Answer 12

• when body temp low

- contraction of cutaneous smooth muscle

Question 13

arrector pilli muscles

Answer 13

• tense with chilling temps —> causes hair to bristle

- heat generation and retention stimuli is minimal for humans compared to other mammals

Question 14

What is in sebum and sweat and encourages lowpitt that inhibits growth of bacteria?

Answer 14

lactic acids and fatty acids

Question 15

eccrine glands

Answer 15

activated by elevated body temperature

• secrete water to the skin surface where it cools the body by evaporation
• found on neck, forehead, and back

Question 16

5 layers of epidermis

Answer 16

-stratum CORNEUM
- stratum LUCIDUM
stratum GRANULOSUM
-stratum SPINOSUM
-stratum BASALE

Question 17

stratum corneum

Answer 17

• top layer

- dead keratinocytes

Question 18

stratum lucidum

Answer 18

• clear later

- colorless protein eleidin

Question 19

stratum granulosum

Answer 19

• thin layer

- granular layer

Question 20

stratum spinosum

Answer 20

• spiny layer

- THICKEST layer, keratinocytes, immune dendritic cells, sensory cells

Question 21

strautum basale

Answer 21

• basal layer

- bottom layer, contains MELANOCYTES

Question 22

What is another name for sweat gland?

Answer 22

sudoriforous gland

Question 23

What does eccrine secrete?

Answer 23

a salty solution of ELECTROLYTES and WATER

Question 24

sebacious glands

Answer 24

connected to hair follicles and secrete sebum through hair pores
-holocrine gland that secretes sebum

Question 25

What is the body temperature controlled by?

Answer 25

thermoregulation