chemistry (test 1)

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

anything that takes up space

Question 2

element

Answer 2

substances that consist entire of 1 type of atom

Question 3

atom

Answer 3

smallest particles that retain properties of an element

Question 4

atomic number

Answer 4

of protons in an element

Question 5

atomic mass

Answer 5

mass of an atom (protons+neutrons)

Question 6

protons

Answer 6

positive charge

Question 7

neutrons

Answer 7

no charge

Question 8

electrons

Answer 8

• negative charge
• # of electron = # of protons

Question 9

isotopes

Answer 9

• atoms of an element w/ different # of neutrons
• atomic mass is an average, so it can make it a decimal

Question 10

electron shells

Answer 10

• first one contains 2
• rest can contain up to 8
• full shell = stable atom

Question 11

ions

Answer 11

charged particles

Question 12

cations

Answer 12

• positive charge
• when an atom loses an electron

Question 13

anions

Answer 13

• negative charge
• when an atom gains an electron

Question 14

covalent bonds

Answer 14

• strong bond
• atoms share electrons
• polar or non polar
• determined by # of vacancies in valence shell

Question 15

ionic bonds

Answer 15

when:
- 1 atom loses electron, becomes cation
- 1 atom gains electron, becomes anion
- electrons become attracted to eachother

Question 16

hydrogen bonds

Answer 16

weak attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom in one molecule and a partially negative atom in another molecule

Question 17

electronegativity

Answer 17

ability of atoms to attract electrons

Question 18

polar bond

Answer 18

has unevenly distributed electrons, creating partial positive and negative ends

Question 19

non polar bond

Answer 19

electrons are shared equally, resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge and no distinct positive or negative poles