darwin/nat selection (final)

Question 1

darwin

Answer 1

• childhood fascination w/ nature
• dropped out of medical school
• studied nature in the clergy
• provided a mechanism for evolution in natural populations

Question 2

important stops: hms beagle

Answer 2

• salvador, brazil
• punta alta, argentina
• galapagos islands
• after the trip, darwin never went on a boat again
• had a huge amnt of data, spent years analyzing it all
• began formulating ground breaking ideas; was afraid of the implications

Question 3

thomas malthus

Answer 3

• “struggle to survive”
• well known economist
• argued that as populations increase, struggle to live intensifies
• influenced darwin

Question 4

darwin revolutionary observations

Answer 4

• theory of evolution by natural selection
• all species have great reproductive potential
• all populations exhibit variation
• some variation is heritable

Question 5

natural selection requirements

Answer 5

• organisms w/ heritable traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass those advantageous traits to offspring

Question 6

artificial selection

Answer 6

• evolutionary process wheres specific traits are selected for or against and bred into the next gen
• domesticated plants + animals

Question 7

pre-darwin

Answer 7

• earth is thousands of years old
• continents and oceans dont move
• static immutable array of organisms
• life results from divine guidance
• species not linked in a single family tree

Question 8

age of enlightenment

Answer 8

• pursuit of knowledge by means of reason & the evidence of the senses
• valued empiricism & rational thought, undermined authority of monarchy & catholic church

Question 9

georges cuvier

Answer 9

• developed study of comparative anatomy
• compared living animals w/ fossil remains
• established concept of extinction

Question 10

jean baptiste de lamarck

Answer 10

• forerunner of evolutionary thinking
• hypothesized that the environment can influence genetic traits
• theory of soft evolution was disproved

Question 11

sir charles lyell

Answer 11

• challenged the view that earth is 6000 yrs old
• argued formation of earths crust took place over a vast period of time
• greatly influenced darwins ideas

Question 12

darwinian fitness

Answer 12

• an organisms genetic contribution to the next generation
• organisms w/ favorable traits survive longer and reproduce more
• indicates relative measure of reproductive success

Question 13

origin of species

Answer 13

• published in 1859, not immediately accepted
• introduced the theory of natural selection

Question 14

biodiversity

Answer 14

• life is diverse bc species adapt in different ways
• similarities can be caused by same genes from common ancestors