CMS - MS Theory > Chile > Flashcards

Chile Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the rule for Chile wine law?
(vintage, variety, DO labelling)

A

75%

Most of the wineries follow the 85% rule in order to export wine to the EU

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2
Q

What are the sub regions of the Itata Valley?

A
  • Coelemu
  • Portezuelo
  • Quillon
  • Chillan
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3
Q

Name the sub DOs of Coquimbo north to south

A
  • Elqui
  • Limari
  • Choapa
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4
Q

What are the sub-DOs of the Maule Valley of Chile?

A
  • Loncomilla Valley
  • Tutuven
  • Claro Valley
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5
Q

What river influences the vineyards of Clos Apalta?

A

Tinguiririca

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6
Q

What is the northernmost winegrowing region in Chile?

A

Atacama

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7
Q

What are the 2 DO subregions of Chile’s Curico Valley?

A
  • Lantue
  • Teno
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8
Q

Who produces Clos Apalta?

A

Casa Lapostolle

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9
Q

What are the 3 districts of Chile’s Southern VR?

A
  • Itata Valley
  • Bio Bio Valley
  • Malleco Valley
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10
Q

Who produces ‘Alpha M’ and ‘Purple Angel’?

A

Vina Montes

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11
Q

What are the 4 regions of Chile’s Central Valley DO from north to south?

A
  • Maipo
  • Rapel
  • Curico
  • Maule
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12
Q

Chilean wines labeled Reserva Privada and Gran Reserva must have a min abv of what?

A

12.5%

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13
Q

What are the most planted grapes in Casablanca and San Antonio Valley?

A
  • sauv blanc
  • pinot noir
  • chardonnay
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14
Q

The Maipo Valley in Chile is known for what variety?

A

Cab Sauv

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15
Q

Chilean wines labeled Reserva and Reserva Especial must have a min abv of what?

A

12%

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16
Q

In what district is Leyda Valley found?

A

San Antonio Valley, Aconcagua VR

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17
Q

What is Chile’s oldest and most established wine growing region?

A

Central Valley DO

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18
Q

What climatic feature cools vines in Chile’s Central Valley DO?

A

Humboldt Current

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19
Q

What is the soil type in the Limari Valley?

A

cool limestone

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20
Q

What type of soils are found in Maipo DO?

A

warm, well drained alluvial

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21
Q

What is the primary soil type in Aconcagua?

A

Alluvial

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22
Q

When was Chilean wine law established?

A

1995

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23
Q

Where is Vina Vik located?

A

Cachapoal, Rapel Valley

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24
Q

The Colchagua and Cachapoal Valleys are located in which DO?

A

Rapel Valley

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25
What is MOVI?
Assoc. of small, quality minded producers in Chile
26
What are Chile's 6 Viticultural Regions (VR) from north to south?
- Atacama - Coquimbo - Aconcagua - Valle Central - Sur - Austral
27
What are the 3 DO subzones of Aconcagua?
- Aconcagua Valley - Casablanca Valley - San Antonio Valley
28
List 3 well known producers in Chile's Maipo Valley
- Conch y Toro - Santa Rita - Santa Carolina - Almaviva - Cousino Macul -Carmen - Haras de Pirque - Ventisquero - Odfjell - De Martino - Antiyal
29
What is the climate of Chile's northern growing region?
dry and desert like
30
Grapes grown in Chile's northern region were historically used for what?
Pisco
31
What is furrow irrigation?
Ancient Inca technique of directing snowmelt through carved channels
32
What Chilean wine label term indicates mandatory oak aging?
- Reserva Especial - Gran Reserva
33
Where is Los Vascos located?
Colchagua Valley DO
34
Casa Tamaya and Tabali are located in what DO?
Limari DO
35
What are the 3 zone designations in Chile and what is the minimum percentage required for using these labels?
- Costa - Entre Cordilleras - Andes 85%
36
Matetic, Vina Leyda, and Casa Marin are located in what DO?
San Antonio Valley DO
37
What are the qualifications to label a wine 'vigno' in Chile?
- 85% carignan (maule fruit) - old vine, head trained, dry farmed - vines must be at least 30 years old - the remainder of the fruit (15%) must be old vine, head-trained, dry farmed Maule fruit - aged 2 years prior to release
38
What is pajarete?
traditional, passito style sweet wine made from dried pisco grapes in Chile
39
What DO lies at the convergence if the Andes and Coastal Mountains in Chile?
Choapa Valley
40
What are the 2 DO subzones of Atacama?
- Copiapo Valley DO - Huasca Valley DO
41
Which producer has the largest vineyard holdings in Chile?
Concha Y Toro with over 9000 hectares of vineyards
42
True or False: the pais grape cannot be listed on the label of a DO wine in Chile?
True
43
What is the most planted grape variety in Chile?
Cab Sauv
44
What are the parents of Carmenere?
Cabernet Franc and Gros Cabernet
45
Name 3 synonyms for Pais
Mission Listan Prieto Criolla Chica
46
Name two prominent wineries in Chile founded founded by an international winemaker
Domaines Barons de Rothschild-Lafite in 1988, to take over the Colchagua estate of Los Vascos. Lapostolle, also in Colchagua, was founded in 1994 by the namesake owners of (Grand) Marnier-Lapostolle. In Maipo Valley, Bruno Prats (former owner of Château Cos d’Estournel) and Paul Pontallier (current managing director of Château Margaux) launched Viña Aquitania in 1990. Baron Philippe de Rothschild arrived in 1997 to create Almaviva in conjunction with Concha y Toro. Robert Mondavi joined with Eduardo Chadwick of Viña Errázuriz to found Seña in 1995.
47
What is Chile’s most planted white grape?
Sauvignon Blanc
48
What is the name of the dense and cool morning fog that creeps into the coasts of Chile?
Camanchaca
49
The Nahuelbuta Mountains have a strong influence over the climate of where?
Bio Bio valley
50
What is the most important yet unofficial zone within the Colchagua DO?
Apalta Valley
51
Who makes Casa Real?
Sant Rita
52
What DO of Chile has the most acreage under vine
Rapel Valley
53
What percentage of grapes grown in Chile are red?
75%
54
What are the top 5 most grown red grapes in Chile?
- cab sauv - merlot - carmenere - syrah - pais
55
Why is carmenere more successful in Chile than in Bordeaux?
- difficult to graft so it stopped being propagated in Bordeaux - needs a dry spring - needs clay soil, but requires longer, warmer ripening season (one month more than merlot)
56
Why does harvest time for carmenere need to be so precise?
carmenere loses acidity rapidly as it ripens, but it needs to be ripe enough to temper the pyrazine quality
57
Why is pyrazine character so prominent in carmenere?
- inherited pyrazine qualities from both parents - Chile irrigates heavily, which encourages vegetation growth as opposed to fruit ripening
58
What Bordeaux winemaking technique is almost never used when making carmenere?
Cold Maceration - extended pre-fermentation skin contact exacerbates bitterness and pyrazine quality
59
How can reduction in carmenere be combatted in the winery?
- racking - micro oxygenation
60
Errazuriz 'Kai' and Concha y Toro 'Carmin de Peumo' are single varietal bottles of what grape?
carmenere
61
What is pipeno?
Light, slightly fizzy, often chilled and easy drinking (usually pais based) wine
62
What producer made the first sparkling rose made of Pais?
Miguel Torres (NV Estelado)
63
List 2 producers spearheading quality pais bottlings in Chile
- Miguel Torres - J Bouchon - Louis Antoine Luyt - Gonzalez Bastias
64
How much rain does the Atacama region get per year?
15 mm (less than one inch)
65
What is parron and where is it likely to be found?
pergola training common on Copiapo (Atacama)
66
What is the RS range for labeling in Chile?
Seco/ Dry - max 4 g/l (up to 9 g/l if total acidity is within 2 g/l of total residual sugar) Semi Seco/Medium Dry - 4-12 g/l (up to 18 g/l if total acidity is within 2 g/l of residual sugar) Semi Dulce/Medium Sweet - 12-45 g/l Dulce/Sweet - min 45 g/l
67
Copiapo and Huasca are known for what type of grapes?
pisco grapes
68
What is the biggest viticultural concern in Coquimbo?
Lack of water - drought, depleting reservoirs, and less snowmelt
69
What are the 3 DO areas of Elqui Valley?
- La Serena (costa) - Paiguano (andes) - Vicuna (andes)
70
What are the primary grapes grown in Elqui Valley?
- syrah - pedro jiminez - sauv blanc
71
What is the highest elevation growing region in Chile?
Elqui Valley
72
What is the grape of Falernia's 'Alta Tierra?'
syrah
73
List 1 of the 4 DO areas of Limari Valley
- Ovalle (costa) - Punitaqui (entre cordilleras) - Monte Patria (andes) - Rio Hurtado (andes)
74
What is the soil type in the Limari Valley and what grape is it becoming known for?
calcareous (red clay atop limestone) - gaining a reputation for chardonnay
75
Who are the major producers in the Limari Valley?
- Tabali - Casa Tamaya - Francisco de Aguirre (Concha y Toro)
76
All winegrowing in Choapa happens in what zone designation?
Andes
77
What are the 2 areas without subregions in Aconcagua DO?
- Marga-Marga Valley DO - Zapallar DO both costa
78
Who is the most important producer in the Aconcagua Valley DO?
Errazuriz (Sena)
79
What winemaker partnered with Errazuriz to produce Sena?
Robert Mondavi
80
What are the grapes used in Errazuriz Sena?
- cab sauv - malbec - carmenere - petit verdot
81
Who hosted the Berlin Tasting in 2004?
Eduardo Chadwick
82
What are the major grapes in Aconcagua DO?
- cab sauv - syrah - carmenere - sauv blanc
83
All of Casablanca is considered what zone designation?
costa
84
What is the main climate hazard in Casablanca DO?
frost
85
What percentage of grapes in Casablanca DO are white?
75%
86
What are the 2 most planted grapes in Casablanca DO?
- chardonnay - sauv blanc
87
What is the most important red grape in Casablanca DO?
pinot noir
88
What is the climate of Casablanca DO?
cool Mediterranean
89
Why do winemakers in Casablanca use rootstock even though there is no phylloxera?
The sandy soils in Casablanca are a magnet for nematodes
90
List 3 producers in Casablanca DO
- Veramonte - Casas del Bosque - Kingston - Laroche Punto Alto - Morande - Montesecano
91
Describe the daily weather and climate in Leyda Valley DO
- maritime climate - constant coastal humidity (fear of rot) - windy afternoons - cooler growing season temps (than Casablanca)
92
What is the soil type in San Antonio DO?
alluvial clay
93
What is the most cool and maritime region in San Antonio DO?
Lo Abarca DO (4 km from the coast)
94
Who was the first producer in Lo Abarca (2000)?
Casa Marin
95
What (unofficial) subzone is the warmest, driest, and most inland of San Antonio DO?
Rosario
96
What are the 2 DO subzones of Leyda Valley DO?
- San Juan - Santo Domingo
97
What is the annual rainfall in San Antonio DO?
13.8 in (350 mm)
98
What are the major grapes in San Antonio DO?
- sauv blanc - pinot noir - chardonnay
99
What percentage of Chile's grapes are grown in the Central Valley?
75%
100
The capital city, Santiago, is surrounded by which winegrowing region?
Maipo DO
101
What is the average elevation of vineyards in the Alto Maipo?
400-600 m
102
What zone designation is not represented in the vineyards of Maipo DO?
costa
103
What DO subzone of Maipo is best known for quality winemaking?
Puente Alto DO
104
List 2 icon producers based in Puente Alto DO
- Don Melchor - Almaviva - Vinedo Chadwick
105
List 3 Entre Cordilleras areas in Maipo DO
- Isla de Maipo - Talagante - Melipilla - Alhue - Maria Pinto - Calera di Tango - Til Til - Lampa
106
What are the 4 Andes zones in Maipo DO?
- Santiago - Pirque - Puente Alto - Buin
107
What are the major grapes of Maipo DO?
- cab sauv - merlot - syrah - chardonnay
108
What is the smaller of the two Rapel Valley zones?
Cachapoal Valley DO
109
What is the soil type in Cachapoal Valley?
brown clay, alluvial
110
What grape does well in warm Cachapoal Valley?
carmenere
111
In what Cachapoal subregion is the carmenere sourced for Santa Carolina's 'Herencia' and Concha y Toro's 'Carmin de Peumo?'
Peumo DO
112
Of the two Rapel Valley zones, which has no Costa designated vineyards?
Cachapoal Valley DO
113
List 2 DO areas of Cachapoal Valley DO
- Rancagua (ec) - Peumo (ec) - Coltauco (ec) - Requinoa (andes) - Rengo (andes) - Machali (andes)
114
List 2 producers based in Cachapoal Valley DO
- Altair - La Ronciere - Morande - Vik - Camino Real
115
List 2 Costa DOs in Colchagua Valley DO
- Lolol - Litueche - Paredones - Pumanque
116
List 2 Entre Cordilleras DOs in Colchagua Valley DO
- Nancagua - Santa Cruz - Apalta - Palmilla - Peralillo - Marchigue - La Estrella
117
List 2 Andes DOs in Colchagua Valley DO
- San Fernando - Chimbarongo - Los Lingues
118
List 3 major producers in Colchagua Valley DO
- Koyle - Casa Silva - Cono Sur - Viu Manent - Casa Lapostolle - Laura Hartwig - Los Vascos - Siegel - Montes
119
How does cab sauv in Curico Valley DO differ from that grown in Colchagua or Maipo?
cooler temps produce less weighty and more green cab sauv
120
Sauvignon vert is also known as what grape in Italy?
Friulano
121
Much of the sauv blanc in Curico Valley DO is actually what grape?
Sauvignon vert
122
Curico Valley DO is most associated with what type of wine?
bulk
123
Where did Miguel Torres launch his winery and in what year?
Curico Valley DO 1979
124
What are the DO areas of Lontue Valley DO?
- Sagrada Familia (ec) - Molina (andes)
125
What are the DO areas of Teno Valley DO?
- Vichuquen (costa) - Licanten (costa) - Rauco (ec) - Romeral (andes)
126
Where is the producer Valdivieso located?
Curico Valley DO
127
What is the geographic hierarchy in Chilean wine?
- Viticultural Region (VR) - subregion - zone - area
128
What are the predominant soils in the Maule Valley DO?
- alluvial near Maule river - red, granitic, quartz near coast
129
50% of Chiles vine acreage is in what DO?
Maule Valley DO
130
Describe the climate in Maule
- moderate mediterranean climate - mild, rainy autumns
131
The highest percentage of old vines in Chile are found in what DO?
Maule Valley DO - old bush vine carignan - old vine malbec - old vine semillon
132
What type of training is cabeza?
head training
133
What are the 3 DO zones of Maule Valley DO?
- Claro Valley DO - Loncomilla Valley DO - Tutuven Valley DO
134
Almost all Chilean producers grow or source fruit from what DO?
Maule Valley DO
135
List a major producer based in Maule DO
- VIA - O Fournier - J Bouchon
136
What are the 2 DOs of Maule designated Costa?
- Empedrado - Curepto
137
List 2 Maule DOs designated Entre Cordilleras?
- Talca - Pencahue - San Rafael - San Javier - Villa Alegre - Parral - Linares - Longavi - Retiro - Cauquenes
138
What are the 2 DOs of Maule designated Andes?
- San Clemente - Colbun
139
What is the primary soil type in Itata DO?
red granitic soils
140
What is the most planted red variety in Itata Valley DO?
pais
141
What type of irrigation is most common in Itata Valley DO?
most vineyards are dry farmed, not irrigated
142
What is the most planted grape in Itata Valley DO?
Muscat of Alexandria
143
All of the winegrowing regions of Bio Bio Valley DO fall under what designation?
Entre Cordilleras
144
What are the 2 DO areas of Bio Bio Valley DO?
- Yumbel - Mulchen
145
What are the primary grapes grown in Bio Bio Valley DO?
- pinot noir - pais - chardonnay - sauv blanc
146
Dos Andes, Guilisasti, and Aristos are producers located in which DO?
Bio Bio Valley DO
147
What is the climate of the Sur VR?
semi-continental - cool, rainy, windy
148
What is the only DO area of Malleco Valley DO?
Traiguen DO
149
Who founded Clos des Fous (Chile)?
Pedro Parra
150
In what DO is Sol de Sol (Vina Aquitania) located?
Malleco Valley DO
151
What are the primary grapes of Malleco Valley DO?
- pinot noir - pais - chardonnay - sauv blanc
152
Who was the first producer to use DO Austral on a label?
Casa Silva (Lago Ranco)
153
What is the yearly average rainfall in Austral DO?
70 inches (1800 mm)
154
What is the world's southernmost vineyard?
Undurraga - Austral DO - experimental vineyard on glacial Lake General Carrera - has not released a commercial vintage
155
What are the 2 subregions of Austral DO?
- Valle del Cautin DO - Valle de Osorno DO
156
As of 2024, what are Chile's two newest approved DOs?
Pacific - Rapa Nui DO (Easter Island) Patagonia - Chiloe DO
157
Who is considered to be the father of Chilean wine?
Don Silvestre Ochagavia Errazuriz
158
What is the primary grape in Clos Apalta?
carmenere
159
What two wines won the 2004 Berlin tasting?
2001 Errazuriz Sena 2000 Vinedo Chadwick
160
List 2 Bordeaux synonyms for carmenere
- grand vidure - carmin - carbuet - grand carmenet
161
What DO lies opposite the Andes from Mendoza?
Maipo
162
What are the main rivers of the Itata Valley?
- Itata river - Nuble river
163
What Chilean winery makes a line of high end pinot noir, chardonnay, and sparkling wine?
Vina Acquitania - Sol de Sol
164
What is the grape of Falernia's 'Alta Tierra?'
syrah (Elqui Valley)
165
In what year were geographic zones introduced in Chile?
2012
166
Who is considered the father of Chilean winemaking?
Silvestri Ochagavia - planted French varieties in Maipo region in 1850s
167
Since 2015, what are the wettest vintages in Chile?
2016 (El nino vintage) 2021
168
Since 2015, what vintages in Chile experienced fires?
2017 2023
169
Since 2010, what vintage in Chile was a La Nina vintages?
2012 2017 2020-2023
170
In what year did Maule and Curico experience an earthquake?
2010
171
What is the entry level brand of Concha Y Toro?
Casillero del Diablo
172
What are the unofficial sub areas of Maipo DO?
- Alto Maipo - Medio Maipo - Costa/Maipo Bajo
173
What are the primary soils of Puente Alto?
gravel, sandy loam, clay
174
What is the soil type of Apalta DO?
well drained granitic
175
List a major producer in Curico DO
- Miguel Torres - San Pedro - Valdivieso
176
What are the DO areas of Lontue?
- Sagrada Familia (EC) - Molina (A)
177
What is the second wine of Clos Apalta?
Le Petit Clos - cab sauv / carmenere with some cab franc/merlot/PV - 6-8 months new french barrique - 16-18 months in used barrels
178
What was the first Chilean wine to score 100 points from critics?
2014 Vinedo Chadwick cab sauv
179
Which Chilean DO falls under the O'Higgins Administrative District?
Rapel Vally DO
180
What is the second wine of Almaviva?
EPU - Puente Alto DO - primarily cab sauv w carmenere
181
Who produces Don Melchor?
Concha y Toro
182
Where is the Peumo DO?
Cachapoal, Rapel DO
183
Who was the first producer to plant vines in the Apalta DO?
Vina Montes
184
Who is the winemaker for Concha y Toro?
Marcelo Papa
185
Which Chilean winery produces Domaine Paul Bruno?
Vina Aquitania
186
When was Apalta elevated to DO status?
2018
187
What is the translation of the Spanish word Apalta?
earthquake
188
What is the name of Pedro Parra's Rapel project and in which sub DO is it located?
Clos de Fous - Cachapoal DO
189
The best vineyards in Maipo face what direction?
west (foothills of Andes) to benefit from afternoon sun
190
When were vines first planted in San Antonio DO (Chile)?
1998 - 1st commercial vintage 2001
191
Where in Chile are the Talinay Hills found?
Limari DO
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