NSG 3021 > Class 6 > Flashcards

Class 6 Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

What is the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986)?

A
  • Creating Supportive Environments
  • Developing Individual Skills
  • Strengthening Community Action
  • Reorienting Health Services
  • Building Healthy Public Policy

The Ottawa Charter outlines key strategies for health promotion.

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2
Q

What does Building Healthy Public Policy involve?

A
  • Advocating for equity related to the SDOH
  • Reducing differences in health status
  • Ensuring equal opportunities and resources

Aims to enable all people to achieve their fullest health potential.

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3
Q

Define POLICY.

A

A broad goal or statement outlined by a facility, organization, program, or governing body that Reflects certain directives or goals to be pursued.

  • the principle that govern action directed towards given ends
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4
Q

What is Healthy Public Policy?

A
  • Advocacy for health, income, environmental, or social policy
  • Fosters greater equity
  • Creates a setting for health
  • Increases options/resources for health

Focuses on policies outside the formal health sector that impact health.

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5
Q

Differentiate between Health Policy and Healthy Public Policy.

A
  • Health Policy: Decisions for specific health care goals
  • Healthy Public Policy: Public policies impacting health outside the health sector

Examples include education, transportation, and fiscal policies.

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of Health Policy?

A
  • Concerned with the health care system
  • Dominated by technology/biomedical sciences
  • Present oriented (reactive)

Focuses on specific health priorities and illness care.

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of Healthy Public Policy?

A
  • Concerned with creating a healthy society
  • Dominated by soft health path/social sciences
  • Future oriented (pre and proactive)

Questions the givens and seeks to structure society to facilitate health.

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8
Q

Give examples of Health Policy in Canada.

A
  • Universal health care
  • Support for health screening programs
  • Organizational structure of the health care system

Focuses on specific health priorities.

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9
Q

Give examples of Healthy Public Policy in Canada.

A
  • Workplace safety
  • Zoning building laws
  • Housing services
  • Healthy aging policies
  • Immigration policies

Aimed at improving health and living conditions.

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10
Q

What are the three types of policies described in the Canadian Perspective?

A
  • Reactive
  • Preactive
  • Proactive

Each type responds differently to emerging issues.

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11
Q

What is the Policy Cycle?

A

A framework for policy development

Involves moving from issue identification to policy implementation.

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12
Q

What is a wicked problem?

A

A complex issue that is difficult to define and solve

Requires careful consideration in policy development.

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13
Q

What are Position Statements in policy development?

A

Viewpoints on a particular issue with documented background data

Used to justify a specific policy stance.

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14
Q

What are Position Papers?

A

Presents one or several positions on an issue or policy problem

Aims to convince the audience of a valid opinion.

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15
Q

What is a Royal Commission?

A

A federal level commission of inquiry

Example: Royal Commission on the Future of Health Care in Canada.

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16
Q

What is the role of the CHN with respect to policy?

A

Involves proposing policies to address health inequities

Important for community health nursing practice.

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17
Q

Public healthy policy

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A
  • concerned with the health care system
  • dominated by the technology/biomedical sciences
  • sectoral in its approach
  • present oriented (reactive)
  • accepts the givens and considering those plans an illness care system
18
Q

Healthy public policy

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A
  • concerned with creating a healthy society
  • dominated by the soft health path (appropriate technology/social sciences) and involves individual and communities in the solution
19
Q

Examples in Canada: Health Policy

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A
  • universal health care
  • support for health screening programs or research
  • organizational structure of the healthcare system
  • focus on specific health priorities
  • creation of positions such as the minister of health
20
Q

Examples in Canada: Healthy Public Policy

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A
  • workplace safety
  • zoning building laws
  • housing services
  • healthy aging policies
  • foreign trade policies
  • immigration policies
  • crowd limit policies
  • gun polices
21
Q

What does building healthy public policy involve

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A

Advocating for equity related to the SDOH

  • health promotion aims at reducing differences in current health status and ensuring equal opportunities and resources to enable all people to achieve their fullest health potential
22
Q

Health promotion goes..

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A

Beyond health care

23
Q

Healthy policy vs healthy public policy

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A

Healthy policy = decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific health care goals within society

Healthy public policy = public policies outside the formal health sector, that have an impact on health, such as education, transportation and fiscal policies

24
Q

Downstream interventions

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A
  • individual health education
  • health coaching or counselling
  • potential impacts on individual but may not change living conditions or increase equity
25
Midstream interventions
-capacity building - community development - improved health and living conditions but may not increase equity
26
Upstream interventions
- change to the enviroment - policy change - healthy public policy - socially just society with improved health, living conditions and equity
27
Healthy public policy - focused projects
- developing an equity informed policy framework or integrating an equity lens into an existing policy framework - engagement, implementation or evaluation processes for strengthening the equiabability of a policy under development - conducting a policy analysis from an equity perspective; looking through an equity lens into order to revise an existing policy or plan, such as transportation plan, housing strategy, poverty reduction strategy or election bylaw - initiating an exploratory study or report on a potential healthy public policy in your community such as a feasibility study for an agricultural land trust or a report on the potential impact of a participatory budgeting process
28
Reactive polices
- responding to issues and factors that emerge, sometimes with little warning from the internal or external environments
29
Preactive policy
- respond to triggers that are recognized because we are scanning the environment and identifying potential issues
30
Proactive policy
Truly proactive policies are rare, policy often needs urgency to move forwards
31
The intervention ladder
A guide to consider the acceptability and justification of different policy initiatives to improve public health, the higher up the ladder here policy intervenes, the stronger the justification must be
32
Tools of policy development: position statements
- viewpoint of a particular issue and provides documented background data on the issue - often used to justify a particular policy stance - ICN position statement on shift work
33
Tools of policy development
- presents one or several positions on an issue or policy problem - presents one side of argument with the goal to convince e the audience that your opinion is valid and defensible - WHO position papers at health being at the heart of humanitarian efforts
34
Steps to the intervention ladder
- eliminate choice - restrict choice - guide choice through disincentives - guide choice through incentives - guide choices through changing the default policy - enable choice - provide information - do Nothign or simply monitor the situation
35
The policy cycle
1. Getting on the policy agenda 2. Moving into action 3. Implementation and change 4. Policy evaluation and revision
36
Key economic principles
- trade-offs and opportunity costs - sunk and fixed costs - marginal benefits and costs
37
14 steps to the policy cycle
1. Values and beliefs 2. problem or issue emerges 3. Knowledge development and research 4. Public awareness 5. Political engagement 6. Stakeholders activation 7. Public policy deliberation 8. Adoption, legislation 9. Preparing for change 10. Managing change 11. Reinforcing change 12. Evaluating content 13. Evaluating implementation 14. Evaluating impact
38
Multilevel approach to tobacco control policy
Global: WHO Federal: Health Canada Provincial: Alberta health Municipal: Calgary Organizationally: U of L Personal: will i smoke
39
Trade offs and opportunity costs
- think trade off = choice - “can do this with my 20$ or this with my 20$” - value of the missed opportunity - think choosing to stay in and study instead of going to go see friends, what are you losing in that context -> lost the opportunity to hang out with friends but gained the hope of a better grade
40
Sunk and fixed costs
Sunk costs - something that cannot be recovered (ex. Money) - think paying money for a concert ticket but being sick the day of the concert and being unable to go Fixed cost - upfront cost that is going to be required - think rent, utilities - can recoup money from fixed costs - cost of renting a facility
41
Marginal benefits and costs
Marginal cost - Marginal benefit - revenue from a good or service - Additional resources spent -Increasing unit of benefits
42
Agenda setting
Process through which problems come through ELECTED officials
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