Classes 14-17

Question 1

Economic Model- Classical

Answer 1

humans weigh options, make rational choices

Question 2

Economic Model- Bounded Rational framework

Answer 2

cognitive limitations prevent “rational” choices, resources to gather information, information aviability

Question 3

Economic Model- Behavioral Economics

Answer 3

Behavioral economics is a field that blends psychology and economics to explain why people often make irrational, rather than perfectly rational, economic decisions

Question 4

What are Heuristics and how do they help you

Answer 4

mental shortcuts that allow humans to make choices quickly, which can lead to cognitive bias

Question 5

Availability Heuristic

Answer 5

easily recalled information, which makes you think it is important

Question 6

Anchoring

Answer 6

your judgment is influenced by a reference point

Question 7

Confirmation Bias

Answer 7

you find information that confirms information that you already believe

Question 8

Prospect Theory/ Loss Aversion

Question 9

Framing Effect

Answer 9

people hate to loose things of miss out- framing things sround potential loss or gain
Positive= get, now, grab, today
negative: dont miss out, stop wasting your money

Question 10

Priming Effect

Answer 10

exposure to certain stimuli influences subsequent responses

Question 11

What is Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 11

psychological discomfort experienced from having two or more confliucting beliefs

Question 12

What drove the interest in conducting IQ tests

Answer 12

France legislated mandatory education- The American military wanted a test that could categorize recruits who may be appropriate for leadership positions

Question 13

Compulsory Education

Answer 13

requires kids to go to school- started in France

Question 14

What is the Mean/average of IQ testing, and what is the standard deviation?

Answer 14

Mean/Average = 100
Standard deviation is 15

Question 15

Wechsler Scales, most common IQ test

Answer 15

developed several IQ tests, including Wechsler Audult Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

Question 16

Fluid vs. crystallized intelligence

Answer 16

Fluid: Information processing, especially new or complex information (escape rooms)
Crystalized: Knowledge that is gained through experience (accumulation of knowledge)

Question 17

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 17

managing your own emotions, using your emotions to guide thoughts/ actions. recognizing other people’s emotions

Question 18

The Flynn Effect

Answer 18

People on average have been doing better on IQ tests over time

Question 19

What is the difference between motivation and goals

Answer 19

Motivation = psychological force that drives the pursuit of goals
Goal = cognitive representation of a desired outcome

Question 20

What does SMART Goals mean

Answer 20

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time Bound

Question 21

Intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation

Answer 21

Intrinsic = drive to do something because it is inherrently enjoyable
Extrinsic = outside influence that motivates you

Question 22

What is at the top and bottom of aslows hierarchy of needs?

Answer 22

Top: Self-Actualization
Bottom: Physical Needs

Question 23

Hull’s Drive Reduction Theory

Answer 23

moving from homeostasis (psychological needs are out of balance- you are hungry, tired)- As soon as you are hungry you will be motivated to eat

Question 24

Yerkes Dodson Curve

Answer 24

Performance is best when you have some level of stress/ arousal (you’re not bored or completely stressed out)

Question 25

Freud's Pain-Pleasure Principle

Answer 25

We are motivated towards pleasurable things and to avoid pain

Question 26

What is the difference between stress, stressors, and negative life events?

Answer 26

Stress = the process by which we percieve and respond to threatening events Stressors = any event/ circumstance/ stimuli that causes stress Negative Life Events = Negative events that may or may not be stressors

Question 27

acute and chronic stress

Answer 27

Acute Stress = Short term psysiological/ psychological reaction to a stressor Chronic = ongoing psychological/ psychological reaction to continued exposure to stress

Question 28

what is eustress and distress

Answer 28

Eustress = positive stress that leads to growth, motivation, and improved well-being Distress = a feeling of discomfort that can interfere with activities of daily living

Question 29

What is the definition of the primary and secondary appraisal process

Answer 29

Primary = decision regarding whether event/ stimulus is stressful, benign, or non-relevant (decision/ choice) Secondary = if an event/ stimulus is stressful, then you can consider how to cope with it (action/ cope)